Living Anatomy and Radiographic Anatomy of the Lower Limb Flashcards
- What is living anatomy, and how is it applied in the study of the lower limb?
Living anatomy refers to the study of anatomical structures in a living subject through palpation, inspection, and movement.
- What is radiographic anatomy, and how is it useful in assessing the lower limb?
Radiographic anatomy involves studying anatomical structures using imaging techniques like X-rays, CT scans, and MRI.
- What are the key landmarks used in palpation of the hip joint?
Key landmarks include the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), greater trochanter, and pubic symphysis.
- How can the greater trochanter be located in a living subject?
The greater trochanter can be felt on the lateral aspect of the hip when the thigh is rotated.
- What is the significance of the femoral pulse, and where is it palpated?
The femoral pulse is palpated at the mid-inguinal point, midway between the ASIS and pubic symphysis.
- How is the sciatic nerve identified in a living subject?
The sciatic nerve is located in the gluteal region, midway between the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity.
- What are the surface landmarks for identifying the course of the femoral artery?
The femoral artery runs beneath the inguinal ligament, along the medial side of the thigh.
- What is the clinical significance of the popliteal pulse, and where is it palpated?
The popliteal pulse is palpated in the popliteal fossa, with the knee slightly flexed.
- How is the tibial tuberosity located in a living subject?
The tibial tuberosity is located below the patella on the anterior surface of the tibia.
- What is the clinical relevance of palpating the patella?
The patella is important for assessing knee alignment, effusion, and patellar tracking disorders.
- How is the Achilles tendon examined in a living subject?
The Achilles tendon is examined by palpation and the Thompson test for tendon rupture.
- Where is the dorsalis pedis artery palpated, and why is it clinically important?
The dorsalis pedis artery is palpated on the dorsum of the foot, lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon.
- How is the posterior tibial artery pulse located, and what is its significance?
The posterior tibial artery pulse is palpated behind the medial malleolus and is essential for assessing peripheral circulation.
- How is the Trendelenburg test performed, and what does a positive result indicate?
The Trendelenburg test assesses gluteus medius function; a positive test indicates weakness or superior gluteal nerve injury.
- What is the importance of the anatomical snuffbox in lower limb examination?
The anatomical snuffbox is not related to the lower limb; the question should focus on relevant structures.
- What structures are assessed in the knee joint through palpation?
The knee joint is assessed for effusion, joint line tenderness, and ligament stability.
- How is the medial malleolus identified in a living subject?
The medial malleolus is the prominent bony structure on the medial side of the ankle.
- What is the significance of the lateral malleolus in clinical examination?
The lateral malleolus provides stability to the ankle and serves as a landmark for assessing fractures.
- How is the range of motion of the hip joint assessed in a living subject?
Hip range of motion is assessed through flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.
- How is the range of motion of the knee joint assessed?
Knee range of motion is assessed by flexion, extension, and rotational movements.
- What is the clinical significance of radiographs in evaluating hip fractures?
Hip fractures appear on radiographs as cortical disruptions or femoral head misalignment.
- What radiographic views are commonly used to assess the knee joint?
The AP and lateral views are commonly used for knee joint assessment.
- How is a radiograph used to diagnose a tibial plateau fracture?
A tibial plateau fracture appears as a disruption in the tibial plateau with possible depression.
- What are the common radiographic features of osteoarthritis in the lower limb joints?
Radiographic signs of osteoarthritis include joint space narrowing, osteophytes, and subchondral sclerosis.
- How does a lateral X-ray of the ankle help in diagnosing ligament injuries?
A lateral X-ray of the ankle helps detect ligament disruptions and fractures.
- What is the importance of MRI in assessing soft tissue injuries of the lower limb?
MRI is useful for assessing ligament, tendon, and soft tissue injuries in the lower limb.
- What is the best imaging modality for detecting deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Doppler ultrasound is the preferred imaging technique for detecting deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
- What radiographic findings are associated with a stress fracture of the lower limb?
Stress fractures appear as localized cortical thickening or a radiolucent fracture line.
- What are the key radiographic features of a dislocated hip?
A dislocated hip on X-ray shows femoral head displacement from the acetabulum.
- How is a bone scan useful in diagnosing lower limb pathologies?
A bone scan is used to detect stress fractures, infections, and bone tumors in the lower limb.
