Muscles of the Upper Limb Flashcards
What are the compartments of the arm, and what muscles are found in each?
The anterior compartment of the arm contains the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis, while the posterior compartment contains the triceps brachii.
What is the innervation of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?
The anterior compartment of the arm is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.
What is the innervation of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm?
The posterior compartment of the arm is innervated by the radial nerve.
What are the compartments of the forearm, and what muscles are found in each?
The forearm has an anterior compartment (flexors) and a posterior compartment (extensors).
What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
The anterior compartment of the forearm is innervated by the median and ulnar nerves.
What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
The posterior compartment of the forearm is innervated by the radial nerve.
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
The rotator cuff muscles are the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?
The rotator cuff muscles stabilize the shoulder joint and allow controlled movement.
What nerve supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles?
The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles are innervated by the suprascapular nerve.
What nerve supplies the teres minor muscle?
The teres minor is innervated by the axillary nerve.
What nerve supplies the subscapularis muscle?
The subscapularis is innervated by the upper and lower subscapular nerves.
What are the actions of the deltoid muscle?
The deltoid muscle abducts, flexes, extends, and rotates the shoulder.
What nerve supplies the deltoid muscle?
The deltoid is innervated by the axillary nerve.
What are the main flexors of the elbow?
The main flexors of the elbow are the biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis.
What are the main extensors of the elbow?
The main extensors of the elbow are the triceps brachii and anconeus.
What is the function of the brachialis muscle?
The brachialis muscle is a strong flexor of the elbow joint.
What are the actions of the biceps brachii?
The biceps brachii flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.
What is the function of the triceps brachii?
The triceps brachii extends the elbow joint.
What nerve supplies the triceps brachii?
The triceps brachii is innervated by the radial nerve.
What is the primary function of the coracobrachialis muscle?
The coracobrachialis flexes and adducts the shoulder joint.
What is the action of the pronator teres muscle?
The pronator teres pronates the forearm and flexes the elbow.
What is the action of the supinator muscle?
The supinator supinates the forearm.
What are the primary wrist flexors?
The primary wrist flexors are the flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus.
What are the primary wrist extensors?
The primary wrist extensors are the extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris.
What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?
The flexor carpi radialis flexes and abducts the wrist.
What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
The flexor carpi ulnaris flexes and adducts the wrist.
What is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
The flexor digitorum superficialis flexes the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers.
What is the function of the flexor digitorum profundus?
The flexor digitorum profundus flexes the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers.
What is the function of the extensor digitorum muscle?
The extensor digitorum extends the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints.
What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
The extensor carpi ulnaris extends and adducts the wrist.
What is the action of the extensor pollicis longus?
The extensor pollicis longus extends the thumb at the interphalangeal joint.
What is the action of the extensor pollicis brevis?
The extensor pollicis brevis extends the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint.
What is the function of the abductor pollicis longus?
The abductor pollicis longus abducts and extends the thumb.
What muscles form the thenar eminence?
The thenar eminence consists of the abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis.
What muscles form the hypothenar eminence?
The hypothenar eminence consists of the abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, and opponens digiti minimi.
What is the function of the lumbricals?
The lumbricals flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints.
What is the function of the dorsal interossei?
The dorsal interossei abduct the fingers.
What is the function of the palmar interossei?
The palmar interossei adduct the fingers.
What is the innervation of the thenar muscles?
The thenar muscles are innervated by the median nerve.
What is the innervation of the hypothenar muscles?
The hypothenar muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve.
What muscles are affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?
The thenar muscles are affected in carpal tunnel syndrome.
What nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?
The median nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome.
What is the action of the palmaris longus muscle?
The palmaris longus flexes the wrist and tenses the palmar aponeurosis.
What are the borders of the anatomical snuffbox?
The anatomical snuffbox is bordered by the extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and abductor pollicis longus tendons.
What is the clinical significance of the anatomical snuffbox?
The anatomical snuffbox is clinically significant because the radial artery passes through it, and scaphoid fractures can be palpated there.
What is the function of the brachioradialis muscle?
The brachioradialis flexes the elbow, especially in a mid-pronated position.
What nerve supplies the brachioradialis muscle?
The brachioradialis is innervated by the radial nerve.
What muscles assist in ulnar deviation of the wrist?
The flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris assist in ulnar deviation.
What muscles assist in radial deviation of the wrist?
The flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis longus assist in radial deviation.
What muscles are responsible for finger abduction and adduction?
The dorsal interossei abduct the fingers, and the palmar interossei adduct them.
