Muscles of the Lower Limb Flashcards
What are the major compartments of the thigh, and what is their primary function?
The thigh has anterior (knee extension), medial (hip adduction), and posterior (knee flexion and hip extension) compartments.
What are the major compartments of the leg, and what is their primary function?
The leg has anterior (dorsiflexion), lateral (eversion), and posterior (plantarflexion) compartments.
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
The anterior compartment of the thigh includes the quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius) and sartorius.
What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
The medial compartment of the thigh includes the adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, and pectineus.
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
The posterior compartment of the thigh includes the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
The anterior compartment of the leg includes the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and fibularis tertius.
What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
The lateral compartment of the leg includes the fibularis (peroneus) longus and fibularis (peroneus) brevis.
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
The posterior compartment of the leg includes the gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior.
What are the major muscles involved in hip flexion?
Hip flexors include the iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, and pectineus.
What are the major muscles involved in hip extension?
Hip extensors include the gluteus maximus, hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus).
What are the major muscles involved in hip abduction?
Hip abductors include the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae.
What are the major muscles involved in hip adduction?
Hip adductors include the adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and gracilis.
What are the major muscles involved in knee extension?
Knee extensors include the quadriceps femoris group.
What are the major muscles involved in knee flexion?
Knee flexors include the hamstrings and gastrocnemius.
What are the major muscles involved in ankle dorsiflexion?
Ankle dorsiflexors include the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus.
What are the major muscles involved in ankle plantarflexion?
Ankle plantarflexors include the gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, and tibialis posterior.
What are the major muscles involved in foot inversion?
Foot inverters include the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior.
What are the major muscles involved in foot eversion?
Foot everters include the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the iliopsoas muscle?
The iliopsoas originates from the lumbar vertebrae and ilium, inserts into the lesser trochanter, and flexes the hip.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the rectus femoris muscle?
The rectus femoris originates from the AIIS, inserts into the patella, and extends the knee while flexing the hip.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the vastus lateralis muscle?
The vastus lateralis originates from the femur, inserts into the patella, and extends the knee.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the vastus medialis muscle?
The vastus medialis originates from the femur, inserts into the patella, and extends the knee.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the vastus intermedius muscle?
The vastus intermedius originates from the femur, inserts into the patella, and extends the knee.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the sartorius muscle?
The sartorius originates from the ASIS, inserts into the tibia, and flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the adductor longus muscle?
The adductor longus originates from the pubis, inserts into the linea aspera, and adducts the thigh.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the adductor magnus muscle?
The adductor magnus has adductor and hamstring parts; it adducts and extends the thigh.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the gracilis muscle?
The gracilis adducts the thigh and flexes the knee.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the semitendinosus muscle?
The semitendinosus extends the hip and flexes the knee.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the semimembranosus muscle?
The semimembranosus extends the hip and flexes the knee.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the biceps femoris muscle?
The biceps femoris extends the hip and flexes the knee.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the tibialis anterior muscle?
The tibialis anterior dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the extensor hallucis longus muscle?
The extensor hallucis longus extends the big toe.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the extensor digitorum longus muscle?
The extensor digitorum longus extends the lateral four toes.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the fibularis (peroneus) longus muscle?
The fibularis longus everts the foot and supports the arch.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the fibularis (peroneus) brevis muscle?
The fibularis brevis everts the foot.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the gastrocnemius muscle?
The gastrocnemius plantarflexes the ankle and flexes the knee.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the soleus muscle?
The soleus plantarflexes the ankle.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the plantaris muscle?
The plantaris weakly assists in knee flexion and plantarflexion.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the popliteus muscle?
The popliteus unlocks the knee.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the flexor hallucis longus muscle?
The flexor hallucis longus flexes the big toe.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the flexor digitorum longus muscle?
The flexor digitorum longus flexes the lateral four toes.
What is the origin, insertion, and function of the tibialis posterior muscle?
The tibialis posterior inverts and supports the foot arch.
What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
The intrinsic foot muscles support movement and balance.
What muscles contribute to the Achilles tendon?
The gastrocnemius and soleus form the Achilles tendon.
What is the innervation of the quadriceps femoris muscle group?
The quadriceps femoris is innervated by the femoral nerve.
What is the innervation of the hamstring muscles?
The hamstrings are innervated by the sciatic nerve.
What is the innervation of the tibialis anterior muscle?
The tibialis anterior is innervated by the deep fibular nerve.
What is the innervation of the lateral compartment muscles of the leg?
The lateral leg muscles are innervated by the superficial fibular nerve.
What is the primary function of the plantar muscles of the foot?
The plantar muscles provide foot stability.
What is the clinical significance of the tibialis posterior muscle?
Tibialis posterior dysfunction causes flatfoot.
