Elbow Joint and Cubital Fossa Flashcards
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
The elbow joint is a synovial hinge joint.
What bones form the elbow joint?
The elbow joint is formed by the humerus, radius, and ulna.
What are the three articulations of the elbow joint?
The three articulations of the elbow joint are the humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, and proximal radioulnar joint.
What are the main movements of the elbow joint?
The main movements of the elbow joint are flexion and extension.
What ligaments provide stability to the elbow joint?
The elbow joint is stabilized by the ulnar collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament, and annular ligament.
What is the function of the ulnar collateral ligament?
The ulnar collateral ligament prevents excessive valgus stress at the elbow.
What is the function of the radial collateral ligament?
The radial collateral ligament stabilizes the lateral side of the elbow and prevents excessive varus stress.
What is the function of the annular ligament?
The annular ligament encircles the head of the radius and allows rotation during pronation and supination.
What muscles are responsible for elbow flexion?
The muscles responsible for elbow flexion are the biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis.
What muscles are responsible for elbow extension?
The muscles responsible for elbow extension are the triceps brachii and anconeus.
What structures pass through the cubital fossa?
The structures passing through the cubital fossa include the median nerve, brachial artery, radial nerve, and median cubital vein.
What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?
The boundaries of the cubital fossa are the brachioradialis (lateral), pronator teres (medial), and an imaginary line between the humeral epicondyles (superior).
What forms the floor of the cubital fossa?
The floor of the cubital fossa is formed by the brachialis and supinator muscles.
What forms the roof of the cubital fossa?
The roof of the cubital fossa is formed by the skin, fascia, and bicipital aponeurosis.
Which artery is commonly used for blood pressure measurement in the cubital fossa?
The brachial artery is commonly used for blood pressure measurement in the cubital fossa.
What is the clinical significance of the median cubital vein?
The median cubital vein is commonly used for venipuncture due to its superficial location and large size.
What is the carrying angle of the elbow, and why is it important?
The carrying angle of the elbow is the angle between the humerus and forearm in anatomical position; it helps in arm clearance during walking.
What nerves provide sensory and motor innervation to the elbow joint?
The elbow joint is innervated by the musculocutaneous, radial, median, and ulnar nerves.
What are the bursae associated with the elbow joint?
The bursae associated with the elbow joint include the olecranon bursa, subtendinous bursa, and intratendinous bursa.
What is the function of the olecranon bursa?
The olecranon bursa reduces friction between the olecranon and overlying skin during movement.
What is the clinical significance of olecranon bursitis?
Olecranon bursitis (student’s elbow) occurs due to repeated pressure or trauma, leading to inflammation and swelling.
What is the most common type of elbow dislocation?
The most common type of elbow dislocation is posterior dislocation.
What structures are at risk in a posterior elbow dislocation?
In a posterior elbow dislocation, the ulnar nerve and brachial artery are at risk of injury.
What is a supracondylar fracture, and why is it significant?
A supracondylar fracture is a fracture of the distal humerus, significant due to the risk of median nerve and brachial artery injury.
What is the significance of the radial head in pronation and supination?
The radial head allows rotation of the forearm during pronation and supination.
What is nursemaid’s elbow, and how does it occur?
Nursemaid’s elbow is a radial head subluxation, often caused by pulling on a child’s outstretched arm.
Which artery is at risk in supracondylar fractures of the humerus?
The brachial artery is at risk in supracondylar fractures of the humerus, potentially leading to Volkmann’s ischemic contracture.
How is the cubital fossa related to venipuncture?
The cubital fossa is a common site for venipuncture due to the presence of the median cubital vein.
What is the function of the interosseous membrane in forearm movements?
The interosseous membrane stabilizes the radius and ulna and transmits forces during forearm movement.
How does damage to the musculocutaneous nerve affect elbow movement?
Damage to the musculocutaneous nerve weakens elbow flexion due to paralysis of the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles.
