Arteries, Veins and Lymphatics of the Lower Limb Flashcards
What is the main arterial supply to the lower limb?
The main arterial supply to the lower limb is the femoral artery.
What are the branches of the femoral artery?
The branches of the femoral artery include the superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac, superficial external pudendal, deep external pudendal, profunda femoris, descending genicular, and muscular branches.
What artery is the continuation of the femoral artery after it passes through the adductor hiatus?
The femoral artery continues as the popliteal artery after passing through the adductor hiatus.
What is the largest branch of the femoral artery?
The largest branch of the femoral artery is the profunda femoris artery.
What are the branches of the profunda femoris artery?
The branches of the profunda femoris artery are the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries and perforating branches.
What artery supplies the head and neck of the femur?
The medial circumflex femoral artery supplies the head and neck of the femur.
What artery supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?
The obturator artery supplies the medial compartment of the thigh.
What is the primary blood supply to the posterior compartment of the thigh?
The profunda femoris artery supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh.
What artery supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?
The femoral artery supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh.
What are the major branches of the popliteal artery?
The major branches of the popliteal artery are the genicular arteries, anterior tibial artery, and posterior tibial artery.
What arteries form the genicular anastomosis around the knee?
The genicular anastomosis includes the superior medial, superior lateral, inferior medial, inferior lateral, and middle genicular arteries.
What arteries supply the anterior compartment of the leg?
The anterior tibial artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg.
What is the main artery supplying the posterior compartment of the leg?
The posterior tibial artery is the main artery supplying the posterior compartment of the leg.
What is the major blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?
The major blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg is the fibular (peroneal) artery.
What artery supplies the dorsum of the foot?
The dorsalis pedis artery supplies the dorsum of the foot.
What artery gives rise to the medial and lateral plantar arteries?
The posterior tibial artery gives rise to the medial and lateral plantar arteries.
What is the clinical significance of the dorsalis pedis artery?
The dorsalis pedis artery is clinically significant for assessing peripheral circulation.
What veins are classified as the superficial veins of the lower limb?
The superficial veins of the lower limb include the great saphenous and small saphenous veins.
What are the deep veins of the lower limb?
The deep veins of the lower limb include the femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and fibular veins.
What is the longest vein in the body?
The longest vein in the body is the great saphenous vein.
Where does the great saphenous vein originate and terminate?
The great saphenous vein originates from the medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot and terminates in the femoral vein.
Where does the small saphenous vein originate and terminate?
The small saphenous vein originates from the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch and drains into the popliteal vein.
What is the primary venous drainage of the deep structures of the lower limb?
The primary venous drainage of the deep structures of the lower limb is through the femoral vein.
How do the superficial and deep veins of the lower limb communicate?
The superficial and deep veins communicate via perforating veins.
What is the role of venous valves in the lower limb?
Venous valves prevent backflow of blood and aid in venous return.
What is venous insufficiency and how does it affect the lower limb?
Venous insufficiency leads to varicose veins and swelling in the lower limb.
What is deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and what are its risk factors?
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot in the deep veins, with risk factors including immobility, surgery, and hypercoagulability.
What are the symptoms of deep vein thrombosis?
Symptoms of DVT include leg swelling, pain, warmth, and redness.
What is the function of perforating veins in the lower limb?
Perforating veins allow blood to flow from superficial to deep veins.
What is the lymphatic drainage of the lower limb?
The lymphatic drainage of the lower limb includes superficial and deep lymphatic vessels leading to inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes.
Where are the superficial inguinal lymph nodes located?
The superficial inguinal lymph nodes are located in the femoral triangle.
What areas do the superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain?
The superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain the lower limb, perineum, and lower abdominal wall.
Where are the deep inguinal lymph nodes located?
The deep inguinal lymph nodes are located near the femoral vein.
What areas do the deep inguinal lymph nodes drain?
The deep inguinal lymph nodes drain deep structures of the lower limb.
What is the significance of enlarged inguinal lymph nodes?
Enlarged inguinal lymph nodes may indicate infection or malignancy.
What are the popliteal lymph nodes and what do they drain?
The popliteal lymph nodes drain the deep structures of the leg and foot.
How does lymph from the lower limb ultimately drain into the venous system?
Lymph from the lower limb ultimately drains into the thoracic duct.
What is the relationship between the femoral artery, vein, and lymphatics within the femoral sheath?
The femoral sheath contains the femoral artery, femoral vein, and lymphatics.
What lymph nodes are typically assessed in cases of infection or malignancy in the lower limb?
The inguinal lymph nodes are assessed for infections or malignancies.
What is the pathway of lymph drainage from the foot to the deep lymphatic system?
Lymph from the foot drains through popliteal nodes before reaching the deep inguinal nodes.
How can lymphatic obstruction in the lower limb present clinically?
Lymphatic obstruction presents as lymphedema.
What is the role of the thoracic duct in lower limb lymphatic drainage?
The thoracic duct returns lymph to the venous system.
What is the function of the lymphatic system in the lower limb?
The lymphatic system drains interstitial fluid and transports immune cells.
How does the lymphatic system contribute to immune function in the lower limb?
The lymphatic system aids in immune surveillance.
What conditions can cause lymphatic dysfunction in the lower limb?
Lymphatic dysfunction can be caused by infections, tumors, or trauma.
How do lymphatic vessels in the lower limb prevent fluid accumulation?
Lymphatic vessels prevent fluid accumulation by draining excess fluid.
What is lymphedema and what are its causes in the lower limb?
Lymphedema is swelling due to lymphatic obstruction.
What are the primary differences between the arterial and venous systems of the lower limb?
The arterial system carries oxygenated blood, while veins return deoxygenated blood.
What are the anastomotic connections between the arteries of the lower limb?
Anastomotic connections between arteries provide collateral circulation.
What are the clinical implications of arterial occlusion in the lower limb?
Arterial occlusion can lead to ischemia and gangrene.
