Anatomy of the Shoulder Girdle and Shoulder Joint Flashcards
What bones make up the shoulder girdle?
The shoulder girdle consists of the clavicle and scapula.
What are the main joints of the shoulder girdle?
The main joints are the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and glenohumeral joints.
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle-type synovial joint with ball-and-socket movements.
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
The acromioclavicular joint is a plane-type synovial joint.
What ligaments stabilize the sternoclavicular joint?
The sternoclavicular joint is stabilized by the sternoclavicular, costoclavicular, and interclavicular ligaments.
What ligaments stabilize the acromioclavicular joint?
The acromioclavicular joint is stabilized by the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments.
What is the primary function of the coracoclavicular ligament?
The coracoclavicular ligament prevents superior displacement of the clavicle.
What structures contribute to the stability of the glenohumeral joint?
Stability of the glenohumeral joint is provided by the rotator cuff muscles, labrum, ligaments, and capsule.
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint.
What is the role of the glenoid labrum?
The glenoid labrum deepens the glenoid cavity and improves joint stability.
What are the main bursae associated with the shoulder joint?
The main bursae are the subacromial and subdeltoid bursae.
What is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles?
The rotator cuff muscles stabilize the glenohumeral joint and assist in movement.
Which muscles make up the rotator cuff?
The rotator cuff consists of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles.
What is the most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle?
The supraspinatus is the most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle.
What are the main movements of the glenohumeral joint?
The main movements are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation.
Which muscles are responsible for abduction of the shoulder?
Abduction is primarily performed by the supraspinatus (first 15°) and deltoid (beyond 15°).
Which muscles are responsible for adduction of the shoulder?
Adduction is performed by the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and teres major.
Which muscles contribute to external rotation of the shoulder?
External rotation is performed by the infraspinatus and teres minor.
Which muscles contribute to internal rotation of the shoulder?
Internal rotation is performed by the subscapularis, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi.
What is the role of the deltoid muscle in shoulder movement?
The deltoid muscle is responsible for shoulder abduction beyond 15°.
What is the function of the trapezius muscle in shoulder girdle movement?
The trapezius stabilizes and moves the scapula, assisting in elevation, depression, and retraction.
What is the function of the serratus anterior in shoulder movement?
The serratus anterior protracts the scapula and prevents winging.
What nerve supplies the deltoid muscle?
The axillary nerve supplies the deltoid muscle.
What nerve supplies the rotator cuff muscles?
The suprascapular nerve supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus; the axillary nerve supplies the teres minor; and the subscapular nerves supply the subscapularis.
What nerve is commonly injured in shoulder dislocation?
The axillary nerve is commonly injured in anterior shoulder dislocation.
What arteries supply blood to the shoulder joint?
The shoulder joint is supplied by branches of the axillary and subclavian arteries.
What are the common sites of fracture in the clavicle?
The clavicle commonly fractures at the middle third.
What are the clinical implications of a clavicle fracture?
A clavicle fracture can injure the brachial plexus, subclavian vessels, and cause shoulder instability.
What is the most common direction of shoulder dislocation?
Anterior dislocation is the most common type of shoulder dislocation.
What structures are at risk in an anterior shoulder dislocation?
Anterior shoulder dislocation may damage the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery.
