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Head and Neck 2 > Vasculature > Flashcards

Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

Where to the L and R common carotid a branch from

A

RCCA Brachiocephalic trunk

LCCA Aortic arch

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2
Q

Where and what does the CCA bifurcate into

A

At C3 it will bifurcate into

External and internal Carotid arteries

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3
Q

ICA Branches

7

A
  • Opthalmic a
    • Anterior ethmoid a
    • Posterior ethmoid a
  • Posterior communicating a
  • Anterior cerebral a
  • Middle cerebral a
  • Posterior cerebral a
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4
Q

Opthalmic a

Travel

Branches 8

A
  • Enters orbit with optic nerve via optic canal
  • Major supply for orbit
    • Lacrimal a
    • Supratrochlear a
    • Supraorbital a
    • Long and short ciliary a
    • Central retinal a
  • Nasal cavity
    • Dorsal Nasal a
    • Anterior ethmoid
    • Posterior ethmoid
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5
Q

Posterior Cerebral A

Formed

A
  • Formed by terminal bifurcation of basilar a
    *
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6
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery

A
  • Largest branch of ICA
  • Often occluded in cerebrovascular accidents (stroke)
  • Lenticulostriate arteries branch from MCA
    • Thin walled, rupture easily
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7
Q

Cereberal Arterial Circle

Branches

6

A
  • AKA Circle of Willis
  • Provides collateral circulation in case of obstruction
  • Internal carotid
  • Anterior cerebral
  • Anterior communicating
  • Middle Cerebral
  • Posterior Cerebral
  • Posterior communicating
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8
Q

External carotid branches 8

A
  • SUPERIOR THYROID
  • Ascending pharyngeal
  • Lingual
  • Facial
  • Occipital
  • Posterior auricular
  • Maxillary
  • Superficial temporal
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9
Q

Superior thyroid

Supplies 3

Branches 3

A
  • Supplies
    • Thyroid
    • SCM
    • Superior laryngeal
  • Branches
    • Gladular branch
    • Superior laryngeal a
    • SCM
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10
Q

Ascending Pharyngeal

Supplies 5

A
  • Smallest ECA branch
  • Supplies
    • Pharyngeal wall
    • Tonsils
    • Soft palate
    • Eustachian tube
    • Levator veli palitini muscle
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11
Q

Posterior Auricular

Supplies

A

Back of scalp

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12
Q

Superficial temporal a

Supplies 4

Branch

A
  • Supplies skin of facial and temporal region, parotid gland, and auricle
  • Tranverse facial a
    • Exits parotid gland, passes superior to parotid duct across masseter and face
    • Supplies TMJ
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13
Q

Occipital artery

Supplies 2

A

Pharynx

Suboccipital triangle

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14
Q

Lingual artery

Origin

Travels

A
  • Originates from ECA at greates horn of hyoid bone at carotid triangle
  • Crosses CN 12 Hyoglossus
  • Travels between hyoglossus and genioglossus
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15
Q

Lingual a

Supplies 5

Branches 4

A
  • Supplies
    • Tongue
    • Suprahyoid region
    • Sublingual gland
    • Palatine tonsils
    • Floor of mouth
  • Branches
    • Suprahyoid a
    • Dorsal lingual a
    • Sublingual a
    • Deep lingual a
      • Terminal branch
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16
Q

Facial artery

supplies 4

A
  • Face,
  • lips
  • Submandibular gland
  • muscles of facial expression
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17
Q

Facial artery

Passes

A
  • Passes along submandibular gland
  • Passes superiorly over body of mandible at the masseter in a tortous manner
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18
Q

Facial a

Cervical portion

Branches 4

Supplies

A
  • Tonsilar branch
    • palatine tonsils
  • Ascending palatine
    • Pharyngeal wall
    • Palatine tonsils
    • soft palate
    • Pharyngotympanic
  • Glandular a
    • Submandibular gland
  • Submental a
    • Oral floor
    • Chin
    • Submandibular gland
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19
Q

Facial a

Facial Portion

Branches 4

supplies

A
  • Inferior labial a
    • Lower lip
  • Superior lip
    • Upper lip
    • Nasal septum
  • Lateral dorsal nasal
    • Terminal branch
    • Outside of nose
  • Angular a
    • Terminal
    • Nasal root, medial eye
    • Anastomose with opthalmic
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20
Q

Maxillary a

Supplies 7

A
  • Maxilla
  • Mandible
  • Palate
  • Meninges
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Nasal cavity
  • teeth
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21
Q

Mandibular part of Maxillary a.

Branches 5

A
  • Deep auricular
  • Anterior tympanic
  • Middles meningeal
  • Accessory Meningeal
  • Inferior Alveolar
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22
Q

Pterygoid Part of Maxillary a

Branches 4

A
  • Deep temporal (ant and post)
  • Pterygoid branches ( medial/ lateral)
  • Masseteric a
  • Buccal a.
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23
Q

Pterygopalatine part of maxillary a

Branches

A
  • Posterior superior alveolar
  • Infraorbital
  • Pharyngeal Artery of pterygoid canal
  • Descending palatine a
  • Sphenopalatine a
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24
Q

Deep auricular a

Supplies

A
  • TMJ
  • External auditory meatus
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25
Q

Anterior tympanic

supplies 2

A
  • TMJ
  • Tympanic membrane
26
Q

Middle Meningeal a

Supplies 2

Travels

Clinical note

A
  • Meninges
  • Middle cranial fossa AKA calvaria
  • Travels through foramen spinosum
  • Head trauma at pterion
    • Ruptures artery
    • Epidural hematoma
27
Q

Accessory meningeal a

Supplies 2

A
  • Meninges
  • Cranial cavity
28
Q

Inferior alveolar a

Branches

Split, travels

A
  • Incisive a
  • Mental a
  • Buccal a
  • Split opposite of premolars
  • Travels with inferior alveolar nerve through mandibular canal
29
Q

Incisive a.

Supplies

A

All mandibular teeth

30
Q

Mental a

Supplies

Travels

A
  • Buccal gingiva of mandibular teeth
  • Travels through mental formen to chin and labial gingiva of mandibular teeth
31
Q

Mylohyoid a.

Supplies

A

Mylohyoid muscle

32
Q

Deep temporal a.

Supply

A

Temporalis muscle

33
Q

Pterygoid a

Supplies

A

Lateral and medial pterygoid

34
Q

Masseteric a

Supplies

A

Masseter

35
Q

Buccal a.

Supplies

A

Buccinator muscle

36
Q

Posterior superior Alveolar

Supplies

A
  • Maxillary premolars/molars
  • Associated buccal gingiva
  • Maxillary sinus
37
Q

Infraorbital

Supplies

A
  • Becomes the Anterior Superior alveolar a. (sometimes MSA)
  • Max canines/incisors
  • Associated buccal gingiva
  • Max sinus
38
Q

Pharyngeal a

Supplies

A

To pharynx

39
Q

Artery of pterygoid canal

Supplies

A

Pharynx

40
Q

Descending palatine

Split

Supplies

A
  • Becomes Greater/Lesser Palatine a
  • Greater palatine a.
    • Mucosa of Hard palate posterior to maxillary canine
  • Lesser palatine a.
    • To soft palate and palatine tonsil
41
Q

Sphenopalatine

A
  • Becomes nasopalatine a
    • Travels through incisive foramen
    • Posterior lateral nasal branches
    • POsterior septal branches
      • To nasal septum and mucose of hard palate anterior to maxillary canine
      • Anastosome with greater palatine a.
42
Q

Epitaxis

Causes

From

A
  • Nose bleed
  • Causes
    • Picking nose most common
    • Sinus infections, rhinitis, arid enviroment, hypertension, hematologic disorders, neoplasms
  • Bleeding may be arterial or venous
    • Sphenopalatine a. most common
43
Q

Kiesselbachs Area Plexus

5 arteries

A
  • 5 arteris anastasome
    • Sphenopalatine a (max a)
    • Greater palatine a. (max a)
    • Superior labial a. (facial a)
    • Anterior ethmoidal (opthalmic a)
    • Posterior ethmoidal (opthalmic a)
44
Q

Venous drainage of head

Characteristics

Clinical note

Pathways

A
  • Highly variable with inconsistent drainage
  • Valveless veins
  • Infections from superficial face can spread to cavernous sinus
    • Inflammation of conjuctiva, eyelids
    • Paralysis of CN
  • 2 pathways
    • Superficial and deep venous drainage
45
Q

Dural venous Sinuses 9

Drains into

A
  • Primarily drain into Internal Jugular Vein
  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Inferior sagittal sinus
  • Straight sinus
  • Confluence of sinuses
  • Tranverse sinus (2)
  • Sigmoid sinus (2)
  • Superior petrosal sinus (2)
  • Inferior petrosal sinus (2)
  • Cavernous sinus (2)
46
Q

List the 5 tributaries that drain into dural venous sinuses

A

Cerebral and cerebelli veins

Emissary veins

Diploic veins

Memingeal veins

Arachnoidgranulations

47
Q

Cavernous Sinus

Gen characteristics

Location

A
  • Paired
  • Surrounds sella turcica, in middle cranial fossa
  • Route of infection from face/mouth to brain
48
Q

Cavernous sinus

Direct connections

BOARDS

A
  • Superior opthalmic v
  • Inferior opthalmic v
  • Emissary v
    • Connects to pterygoid plexus
  • Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
    • To tranverse sinus–> sigmoid sinus–> IJV
49
Q

Cavernous Wall

Embeded in wall

A
  • CN III, IV, V1, V2
50
Q

Cavernous sinus

Through the sinus

A
  • ICA
  • CN VI
  • CN VI being the most medial nerve in sinus is most affected by infection or tumor
51
Q

Pterygoid Plexus

Location

Formed by

Associated with

A
  • Located in infratemporal fossa
  • Network of veins formed by tributaries of maxillary veins
  • Parallels 2nd and 3rd parts of maxillary artery, surrounding it
  • Associated with medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
52
Q

Pterygoid plexus

Direct connections

A
  • Emissary veins
    • Connects to cavernous sinus
  • Deep facial vein
    • Connects to facial v
  • Maxillary v
53
Q

Superficial temporal vein

A
  • Drains scalp and side of head
  • Merges with maxillary vein in parotid gland
54
Q

Maxillary V

Forms

Connects

A
  • Forms pterygoid plexus of veins
  • Connects superficial and deep venous drainage
55
Q

Retromandibular vein

Formed

Drains

A
  • Formed within parotid gland
  • Formed by
    • Superficial temporal and maxillary v
    • Anterior division
      • Joins facial v to form the common facial v, which joins the IJV
    • Posterior division
      • Joins the post auricular v to join the EJV
  • Drains TMJ
56
Q

Facial vein

forms

receives

enters

A
  • AKA anterior facial v
  • Forms from angular v
  • Receives infraorbital v and deep facial vv
  • Enters IJV directly or via common facial v
57
Q

Common facial vein

Formed

A
  • Formed by anterior facial and retromandibular vein
58
Q

Veins of neck

6

A
  • Subclavian vein
  • External jugular vein
  • Anterior jugular
  • Internal jugular
  • Brachiocephalic v
  • Superior vena cava
59
Q

External Jugular vein

Upper part

Formed

Location

Drains

A
  • Formed posterior to angle of mandible, within parotid gland
  • Posterior retromandibular and post auricular unite to form EJV
  • Drains the skin, parotid gland, and muscles of face and neck
    • Tranverse cervical, suprascapular, sometimes anterior jugular
60
Q

External Jugular vein

Lower

Courses

Pierces

Drains

A
  • Courses down the neck in superficial fascia, crosses SCM
  • Pierces investing deep cervical fascia
  • Drains into subclavian vein and brachiocephalic v
61
Q

Internal Jugular vein

Drains

Formed

Travels

Unites

A
  • Primary drainage for head and brain
  • Formed at junction of sigmoid sunus and inferior petrosal sinus**
  • Drains dural venous sinuses
  • Travels within carotid sheath
  • Unites with subclavian v to form brachocephalic vein

Head and Neck 2 (15 decks)

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