Vasculature Flashcards
Where to the L and R common carotid a branch from
RCCA Brachiocephalic trunk
LCCA Aortic arch
Where and what does the CCA bifurcate into
At C3 it will bifurcate into
External and internal Carotid arteries
ICA Branches
7
- Opthalmic a
- Anterior ethmoid a
- Posterior ethmoid a
- Posterior communicating a
- Anterior cerebral a
- Middle cerebral a
- Posterior cerebral a
Opthalmic a
Travel
Branches 8
- Enters orbit with optic nerve via optic canal
- Major supply for orbit
- Lacrimal a
- Supratrochlear a
- Supraorbital a
- Long and short ciliary a
- Central retinal a
- Nasal cavity
- Dorsal Nasal a
- Anterior ethmoid
- Posterior ethmoid
Posterior Cerebral A
Formed
- Formed by terminal bifurcation of basilar a
*
Middle Cerebral Artery
- Largest branch of ICA
- Often occluded in cerebrovascular accidents (stroke)
- Lenticulostriate arteries branch from MCA
- Thin walled, rupture easily
Cereberal Arterial Circle
Branches
6
- AKA Circle of Willis
- Provides collateral circulation in case of obstruction
- Internal carotid
- Anterior cerebral
- Anterior communicating
- Middle Cerebral
- Posterior Cerebral
- Posterior communicating
External carotid branches 8
- SUPERIOR THYROID
- Ascending pharyngeal
- Lingual
- Facial
- Occipital
- Posterior auricular
- Maxillary
- Superficial temporal
Superior thyroid
Supplies 3
Branches 3
- Supplies
- Thyroid
- SCM
- Superior laryngeal
- Branches
- Gladular branch
- Superior laryngeal a
- SCM
Ascending Pharyngeal
Supplies 5
- Smallest ECA branch
- Supplies
- Pharyngeal wall
- Tonsils
- Soft palate
- Eustachian tube
- Levator veli palitini muscle
Posterior Auricular
Supplies
Back of scalp
Superficial temporal a
Supplies 4
Branch
- Supplies skin of facial and temporal region, parotid gland, and auricle
- Tranverse facial a
- Exits parotid gland, passes superior to parotid duct across masseter and face
- Supplies TMJ
Occipital artery
Supplies 2
Pharynx
Suboccipital triangle
Lingual artery
Origin
Travels
- Originates from ECA at greates horn of hyoid bone at carotid triangle
- Crosses CN 12 Hyoglossus
- Travels between hyoglossus and genioglossus
Lingual a
Supplies 5
Branches 4
- Supplies
- Tongue
- Suprahyoid region
- Sublingual gland
- Palatine tonsils
- Floor of mouth
- Branches
- Suprahyoid a
- Dorsal lingual a
- Sublingual a
- Deep lingual a
- Terminal branch
Facial artery
supplies 4
- Face,
- lips
- Submandibular gland
- muscles of facial expression
Facial artery
Passes
- Passes along submandibular gland
- Passes superiorly over body of mandible at the masseter in a tortous manner
Facial a
Cervical portion
Branches 4
Supplies
- Tonsilar branch
- palatine tonsils
- Ascending palatine
- Pharyngeal wall
- Palatine tonsils
- soft palate
- Pharyngotympanic
- Glandular a
- Submandibular gland
- Submental a
- Oral floor
- Chin
- Submandibular gland
Facial a
Facial Portion
Branches 4
supplies
- Inferior labial a
- Lower lip
- Superior lip
- Upper lip
- Nasal septum
- Lateral dorsal nasal
- Terminal branch
- Outside of nose
- Angular a
- Terminal
- Nasal root, medial eye
- Anastomose with opthalmic
Maxillary a
Supplies 7
- Maxilla
- Mandible
- Palate
- Meninges
- Muscles of mastication
- Nasal cavity
- teeth
Mandibular part of Maxillary a.
Branches 5
- Deep auricular
- Anterior tympanic
- Middles meningeal
- Accessory Meningeal
- Inferior Alveolar
Pterygoid Part of Maxillary a
Branches 4
- Deep temporal (ant and post)
- Pterygoid branches ( medial/ lateral)
- Masseteric a
- Buccal a.
Pterygopalatine part of maxillary a
Branches
- Posterior superior alveolar
- Infraorbital
- Pharyngeal Artery of pterygoid canal
- Descending palatine a
- Sphenopalatine a
Deep auricular a
Supplies
- TMJ
- External auditory meatus
Anterior tympanic
supplies 2
- TMJ
- Tympanic membrane
Middle Meningeal a
Supplies 2
Travels
Clinical note
- Meninges
- Middle cranial fossa AKA calvaria
- Travels through foramen spinosum
- Head trauma at pterion
- Ruptures artery
- Epidural hematoma
Accessory meningeal a
Supplies 2
- Meninges
- Cranial cavity
Inferior alveolar a
Branches
Split, travels
- Incisive a
- Mental a
- Buccal a
- Split opposite of premolars
- Travels with inferior alveolar nerve through mandibular canal
Incisive a.
Supplies
All mandibular teeth
Mental a
Supplies
Travels
- Buccal gingiva of mandibular teeth
- Travels through mental formen to chin and labial gingiva of mandibular teeth
Mylohyoid a.
Supplies
Mylohyoid muscle
Deep temporal a.
Supply
Temporalis muscle
Pterygoid a
Supplies
Lateral and medial pterygoid
Masseteric a
Supplies
Masseter
Buccal a.
Supplies
Buccinator muscle
Posterior superior Alveolar
Supplies
- Maxillary premolars/molars
- Associated buccal gingiva
- Maxillary sinus
Infraorbital
Supplies
- Becomes the Anterior Superior alveolar a. (sometimes MSA)
- Max canines/incisors
- Associated buccal gingiva
- Max sinus
Pharyngeal a
Supplies
To pharynx
Artery of pterygoid canal
Supplies
Pharynx
Descending palatine
Split
Supplies
- Becomes Greater/Lesser Palatine a
- Greater palatine a.
- Mucosa of Hard palate posterior to maxillary canine
- Lesser palatine a.
- To soft palate and palatine tonsil
Sphenopalatine
- Becomes nasopalatine a
- Travels through incisive foramen
- Posterior lateral nasal branches
- POsterior septal branches
- To nasal septum and mucose of hard palate anterior to maxillary canine
- Anastosome with greater palatine a.
Epitaxis
Causes
From
- Nose bleed
- Causes
- Picking nose most common
- Sinus infections, rhinitis, arid enviroment, hypertension, hematologic disorders, neoplasms
- Bleeding may be arterial or venous
- Sphenopalatine a. most common
Kiesselbachs Area Plexus
5 arteries
- 5 arteris anastasome
- Sphenopalatine a (max a)
- Greater palatine a. (max a)
- Superior labial a. (facial a)
- Anterior ethmoidal (opthalmic a)
- Posterior ethmoidal (opthalmic a)
Venous drainage of head
Characteristics
Clinical note
Pathways
- Highly variable with inconsistent drainage
- Valveless veins
- Infections from superficial face can spread to cavernous sinus
- Inflammation of conjuctiva, eyelids
- Paralysis of CN
- 2 pathways
- Superficial and deep venous drainage
Dural venous Sinuses 9
Drains into
- Primarily drain into Internal Jugular Vein
- Superior sagittal sinus
- Inferior sagittal sinus
- Straight sinus
- Confluence of sinuses
- Tranverse sinus (2)
- Sigmoid sinus (2)
- Superior petrosal sinus (2)
- Inferior petrosal sinus (2)
- Cavernous sinus (2)
List the 5 tributaries that drain into dural venous sinuses
Cerebral and cerebelli veins
Emissary veins
Diploic veins
Memingeal veins
Arachnoidgranulations
Cavernous Sinus
Gen characteristics
Location
- Paired
- Surrounds sella turcica, in middle cranial fossa
- Route of infection from face/mouth to brain
Cavernous sinus
Direct connections
BOARDS
- Superior opthalmic v
- Inferior opthalmic v
- Emissary v
- Connects to pterygoid plexus
- Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
- To tranverse sinus–> sigmoid sinus–> IJV
Cavernous Wall
Embeded in wall
- CN III, IV, V1, V2
Cavernous sinus
Through the sinus
- ICA
- CN VI
- CN VI being the most medial nerve in sinus is most affected by infection or tumor
Pterygoid Plexus
Location
Formed by
Associated with
- Located in infratemporal fossa
- Network of veins formed by tributaries of maxillary veins
- Parallels 2nd and 3rd parts of maxillary artery, surrounding it
- Associated with medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
Pterygoid plexus
Direct connections
- Emissary veins
- Connects to cavernous sinus
- Deep facial vein
- Connects to facial v
- Maxillary v
Superficial temporal vein
- Drains scalp and side of head
- Merges with maxillary vein in parotid gland
Maxillary V
Forms
Connects
- Forms pterygoid plexus of veins
- Connects superficial and deep venous drainage
Retromandibular vein
Formed
Drains
- Formed within parotid gland
- Formed by
- Superficial temporal and maxillary v
- Anterior division
- Joins facial v to form the common facial v, which joins the IJV
- Posterior division
- Joins the post auricular v to join the EJV
- Drains TMJ
Facial vein
forms
receives
enters
- AKA anterior facial v
- Forms from angular v
- Receives infraorbital v and deep facial vv
- Enters IJV directly or via common facial v
Common facial vein
Formed
- Formed by anterior facial and retromandibular vein
Veins of neck
6
- Subclavian vein
- External jugular vein
- Anterior jugular
- Internal jugular
- Brachiocephalic v
- Superior vena cava
External Jugular vein
Upper part
Formed
Location
Drains
- Formed posterior to angle of mandible, within parotid gland
- Posterior retromandibular and post auricular unite to form EJV
- Drains the skin, parotid gland, and muscles of face and neck
- Tranverse cervical, suprascapular, sometimes anterior jugular
External Jugular vein
Lower
Courses
Pierces
Drains
- Courses down the neck in superficial fascia, crosses SCM
- Pierces investing deep cervical fascia
- Drains into subclavian vein and brachiocephalic v
Internal Jugular vein
Drains
Formed
Travels
Unites
- Primary drainage for head and brain
- Formed at junction of sigmoid sunus and inferior petrosal sinus**
- Drains dural venous sinuses
- Travels within carotid sheath
- Unites with subclavian v to form brachocephalic vein
