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Head and Neck 2 > Vasculature > Flashcards

Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

Where to the L and R common carotid a branch from

A

RCCA Brachiocephalic trunk

LCCA Aortic arch

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2
Q

Where and what does the CCA bifurcate into

A

At C3 it will bifurcate into

External and internal Carotid arteries

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3
Q

ICA Branches

7

A
  • Opthalmic a
    • Anterior ethmoid a
    • Posterior ethmoid a
  • Posterior communicating a
  • Anterior cerebral a
  • Middle cerebral a
  • Posterior cerebral a
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4
Q

Opthalmic a

Travel

Branches 8

A
  • Enters orbit with optic nerve via optic canal
  • Major supply for orbit
    • Lacrimal a
    • Supratrochlear a
    • Supraorbital a
    • Long and short ciliary a
    • Central retinal a
  • Nasal cavity
    • Dorsal Nasal a
    • Anterior ethmoid
    • Posterior ethmoid
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5
Q

Posterior Cerebral A

Formed

A
  • Formed by terminal bifurcation of basilar a
    *
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6
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery

A
  • Largest branch of ICA
  • Often occluded in cerebrovascular accidents (stroke)
  • Lenticulostriate arteries branch from MCA
    • Thin walled, rupture easily
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7
Q

Cereberal Arterial Circle

Branches

6

A
  • AKA Circle of Willis
  • Provides collateral circulation in case of obstruction
  • Internal carotid
  • Anterior cerebral
  • Anterior communicating
  • Middle Cerebral
  • Posterior Cerebral
  • Posterior communicating
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8
Q

External carotid branches 8

A
  • SUPERIOR THYROID
  • Ascending pharyngeal
  • Lingual
  • Facial
  • Occipital
  • Posterior auricular
  • Maxillary
  • Superficial temporal
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9
Q

Superior thyroid

Supplies 3

Branches 3

A
  • Supplies
    • Thyroid
    • SCM
    • Superior laryngeal
  • Branches
    • Gladular branch
    • Superior laryngeal a
    • SCM
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10
Q

Ascending Pharyngeal

Supplies 5

A
  • Smallest ECA branch
  • Supplies
    • Pharyngeal wall
    • Tonsils
    • Soft palate
    • Eustachian tube
    • Levator veli palitini muscle
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11
Q

Posterior Auricular

Supplies

A

Back of scalp

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12
Q

Superficial temporal a

Supplies 4

Branch

A
  • Supplies skin of facial and temporal region, parotid gland, and auricle
  • Tranverse facial a
    • Exits parotid gland, passes superior to parotid duct across masseter and face
    • Supplies TMJ
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13
Q

Occipital artery

Supplies 2

A

Pharynx

Suboccipital triangle

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14
Q

Lingual artery

Origin

Travels

A
  • Originates from ECA at greates horn of hyoid bone at carotid triangle
  • Crosses CN 12 Hyoglossus
  • Travels between hyoglossus and genioglossus
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15
Q

Lingual a

Supplies 5

Branches 4

A
  • Supplies
    • Tongue
    • Suprahyoid region
    • Sublingual gland
    • Palatine tonsils
    • Floor of mouth
  • Branches
    • Suprahyoid a
    • Dorsal lingual a
    • Sublingual a
    • Deep lingual a
      • Terminal branch
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16
Q

Facial artery

supplies 4

A
  • Face,
  • lips
  • Submandibular gland
  • muscles of facial expression
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17
Q

Facial artery

Passes

A
  • Passes along submandibular gland
  • Passes superiorly over body of mandible at the masseter in a tortous manner
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18
Q

Facial a

Cervical portion

Branches 4

Supplies

A
  • Tonsilar branch
    • palatine tonsils
  • Ascending palatine
    • Pharyngeal wall
    • Palatine tonsils
    • soft palate
    • Pharyngotympanic
  • Glandular a
    • Submandibular gland
  • Submental a
    • Oral floor
    • Chin
    • Submandibular gland
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19
Q

Facial a

Facial Portion

Branches 4

supplies

A
  • Inferior labial a
    • Lower lip
  • Superior lip
    • Upper lip
    • Nasal septum
  • Lateral dorsal nasal
    • Terminal branch
    • Outside of nose
  • Angular a
    • Terminal
    • Nasal root, medial eye
    • Anastomose with opthalmic
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20
Q

Maxillary a

Supplies 7

A
  • Maxilla
  • Mandible
  • Palate
  • Meninges
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Nasal cavity
  • teeth
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21
Q

Mandibular part of Maxillary a.

Branches 5

A
  • Deep auricular
  • Anterior tympanic
  • Middles meningeal
  • Accessory Meningeal
  • Inferior Alveolar
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22
Q

Pterygoid Part of Maxillary a

Branches 4

A
  • Deep temporal (ant and post)
  • Pterygoid branches ( medial/ lateral)
  • Masseteric a
  • Buccal a.
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23
Q

Pterygopalatine part of maxillary a

Branches

A
  • Posterior superior alveolar
  • Infraorbital
  • Pharyngeal Artery of pterygoid canal
  • Descending palatine a
  • Sphenopalatine a
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24
Q

Deep auricular a

Supplies

A
  • TMJ
  • External auditory meatus
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25
Anterior tympanic supplies 2
* TMJ * Tympanic membrane
26
Middle Meningeal a Supplies 2 Travels Clinical note
* Meninges * Middle cranial fossa AKA calvaria * Travels through foramen spinosum * Head trauma at pterion * Ruptures artery * Epidural hematoma
27
Accessory meningeal a Supplies 2
* Meninges * Cranial cavity
28
Inferior alveolar a Branches Split, travels
* Incisive a * Mental a * Buccal a * Split opposite of premolars * Travels with inferior alveolar nerve through mandibular canal
29
Incisive a. Supplies
All mandibular teeth
30
Mental a Supplies Travels
* Buccal gingiva of mandibular teeth * Travels through mental formen to chin and labial gingiva of mandibular teeth
31
Mylohyoid a. Supplies
Mylohyoid muscle
32
Deep temporal a. Supply
Temporalis muscle
33
Pterygoid a Supplies
Lateral and medial pterygoid
34
Masseteric a Supplies
Masseter
35
Buccal a. Supplies
Buccinator muscle
36
Posterior superior Alveolar Supplies
* Maxillary premolars/molars * Associated buccal gingiva * Maxillary sinus
37
Infraorbital Supplies
* Becomes the Anterior Superior alveolar a. (sometimes MSA) * Max canines/incisors * Associated buccal gingiva * Max sinus
38
Pharyngeal a Supplies
To pharynx
39
Artery of pterygoid canal Supplies
Pharynx
40
Descending palatine Split Supplies
* Becomes Greater/Lesser Palatine a * Greater palatine a. * Mucosa of Hard palate posterior to maxillary canine * Lesser palatine a. * To soft palate and palatine tonsil
41
Sphenopalatine
* Becomes nasopalatine a * Travels through incisive foramen * Posterior lateral nasal branches * POsterior septal branches * To nasal septum and mucose of hard palate anterior to maxillary canine * Anastosome with greater palatine a.
42
Epitaxis Causes From
* Nose bleed * Causes * Picking nose most common * Sinus infections, rhinitis, arid enviroment, hypertension, hematologic disorders, neoplasms * Bleeding may be arterial or venous * Sphenopalatine a. most common
43
Kiesselbachs Area Plexus 5 arteries
* 5 arteris anastasome * Sphenopalatine a (max a) * Greater palatine a. (max a) * Superior labial a. (facial a) * Anterior ethmoidal (opthalmic a) * Posterior ethmoidal (opthalmic a)
44
Venous drainage of head Characteristics Clinical note Pathways
* Highly variable with inconsistent drainage * Valveless veins * Infections from superficial face can spread to cavernous sinus * Inflammation of conjuctiva, eyelids * Paralysis of CN * 2 pathways * Superficial and deep venous drainage
45
Dural venous Sinuses 9 Drains into
* Primarily drain into Internal Jugular Vein * Superior sagittal sinus * Inferior sagittal sinus * Straight sinus * Confluence of sinuses * Tranverse sinus (2) * Sigmoid sinus (2) * Superior petrosal sinus (2) * Inferior petrosal sinus (2) * Cavernous sinus (2)
46
List the 5 tributaries that drain into dural venous sinuses
Cerebral and cerebelli veins Emissary veins Diploic veins Memingeal veins Arachnoidgranulations
47
Cavernous Sinus Gen characteristics Location
* Paired * Surrounds sella turcica, in middle cranial fossa * Route of infection from face/mouth to brain
48
Cavernous sinus Direct connections BOARDS
* Superior opthalmic v * Inferior opthalmic v * Emissary v * Connects to pterygoid plexus * Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses * To tranverse sinus--\> sigmoid sinus--\> IJV
49
Cavernous Wall Embeded in wall
* CN III, IV, V1, V2
50
Cavernous sinus Through the sinus
* ICA * CN VI * CN VI being the most medial nerve in sinus is most affected by infection or tumor
51
Pterygoid Plexus Location Formed by Associated with
* Located in infratemporal fossa * Network of veins formed by tributaries of maxillary veins * Parallels 2nd and 3rd parts of maxillary artery, surrounding it * Associated with medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
52
Pterygoid plexus Direct connections
* Emissary veins * Connects to cavernous sinus * Deep facial vein * Connects to facial v * Maxillary v
53
Superficial temporal vein
* Drains scalp and side of head * Merges with maxillary vein in parotid gland
54
Maxillary V Forms Connects
* Forms pterygoid plexus of veins * Connects superficial and deep venous drainage
55
Retromandibular vein Formed Drains
* Formed within parotid gland * Formed by * Superficial temporal and maxillary v * Anterior division * Joins facial v to form the common facial v, which joins the IJV * Posterior division * Joins the post auricular v to join the EJV * Drains TMJ
56
Facial vein forms receives enters
* AKA anterior facial v * Forms from angular v * Receives infraorbital v and deep facial vv * Enters IJV directly or via common facial v
57
Common facial vein Formed
* Formed by anterior facial and retromandibular vein
58
Veins of neck 6
* Subclavian vein * External jugular vein * Anterior jugular * Internal jugular * Brachiocephalic v * Superior vena cava
59
External Jugular vein Upper part Formed Location Drains
* Formed posterior to angle of mandible, within parotid gland * Posterior retromandibular and post auricular unite to form EJV * Drains the skin, parotid gland, and muscles of face and neck * Tranverse cervical, suprascapular, sometimes anterior jugular
60
External Jugular vein Lower Courses Pierces Drains
* Courses down the neck in superficial fascia, crosses SCM * Pierces investing deep cervical fascia * Drains into subclavian vein and brachiocephalic v
61
Internal Jugular vein Drains Formed Travels Unites
* Primary drainage for head and brain * Formed at junction of sigmoid sunus and inferior petrosal sinus\*\* * Drains dural venous sinuses * Travels within carotid sheath * Unites with subclavian v to form brachocephalic vein

Head and Neck 2 (15 decks)

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