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Head and Neck 2 > Pharynx > Flashcards

Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Pharynx

3 regions and links

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
  • Links, oral/nasal cavity to larynx/esophagus
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2
Q

Pharynx

Location

Relationships

A
  • Above base of skull
  • C6
  • Buccopharyngeal fascia
    • Forms part of pharynx wall
    • Location of pharyngeal plexus of nerves and veins
  • Retropharyngeal space
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3
Q

Pharynx is composed of

A
  • 3 types of tonsils
    • Pharyngeal 1
    • Palatine 2
    • Lingual 1
  • Soft palate
  • 3 Constrictor muscles
  • 3 longitudinal muscles
  • Cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube
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4
Q

5 layers of Pharynx wall and composition

A
  • Mucous membrane
    • Innermost layer
  • Submucosa
  • Pharyngeal aponeurosis
    • aka pharyngobasilar fascia
    • Fibrous layer attached to skull
  • Muscular
    • 3 constrictor
    • 3 longitudinal
  • Buccopharyngeal fascia
    • Loose CT
    • Pharyngeal plexus of nerves and veins
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5
Q

Attachment of pharynx 5

A
  • Pterygoid hamulus
  • Pterygomandibular raphe
  • Pharyngeal tubercle
  • Retropharyngeal space
  • Pharyngeal raphe
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6
Q

Superior Constrictor

O

I

A

N

A
  • O: Pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, pharyngeal tubercle, mylohyoid line of mandible, side of tongue
  • I: Pharyngeal tubercle, pharyngeal raphe
  • A: constricts upper pharynx
  • N: CNX
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7
Q

Pterygomandibular raphe

Upper and lower atttachemnets

Point of attachment for

A
  • Linear cord like connective tissue ligament
  • Upper attachment
    • Pterygoid hamulus
  • Lower attachment
    • Mandible, immediately post to 3rd molar
  • Point of attachemnt
    • Buccinator
    • Superior constrictor
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8
Q

Middle Constrictor

O
I
A
N

A
  • O: stylohyoid ligament, hyoid
  • I: Pharyngral raphe
  • A: Constricts middle portion of pharynx
  • N: CN X
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9
Q

Inferior COnstrictor

O
I
A
N

A
  • O: Thyroid cartilage, circoid cartilage
  • I: Pharyngeal raphe
  • A; Constricts lower pharynx
  • N CN X
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10
Q

Circopharyngeus

A
  • Lower fibers of inferior constrictor
  • Constant constriction
  • Serves as Upper Esophageal Sphincter
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11
Q

Longitudinal muscle and general function

A
  • Palatopharyngeous
  • Salpinopharyngeus
  • Stylopharyngeous
  • Pull pharyngeal wall up over bolus
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12
Q

Palatopharyngeus

O
I
A
N

A
  • O Posterior border of hard palate, palatine aponeurosis
  • I: Pharynx
  • A: Elevates pharynx and larynx during swallowing, helps close nasopharynx
  • CN X
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13
Q

Salpinopharyngeus

O
I
A
N

A
  • O: Auditory tube
  • I: Palatopharyngeus muscle
  • A: Elevates nasopharynx, opens auditory tube, equalize pressure between pharynx and auditory canal
  • CN X
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14
Q

Stylopharyngeus

O
I
A
N

A
  • O Styloid process
  • I blends with palatopharyngeus
  • A Elevates pharynx and larynx, expands sides of pharynx
  • CN IX, 12
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15
Q

What contributes to the Pharyngeal plexus

A
  • CN IX Glossopharyngeal nerve
    • Phayngeal branch
  • CN X, Vagus
    • Paryngeal branch
  • CN XI Accessory, cranial part
    • Pharyngeal branch
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16
Q

First Aperture in Pharyngeal Wall **

A
  • Between base of skull and superior constrictor
  • Auditory tube
  • Levator veli palitini muscle
  • Ascending pharyngeal a. from ECA
  • Ascending palatine a. from facial a.
17
Q

2nd Aperture in Pharyngeal wall6

A
  • Btween superior and middle constrictors
  • Stylopharyngeus, hyoglossus, styloglossus mm.
  • Stylohyoid ligament
  • Tonsilar a (from facial a.), Lingual a. and V.
  • Nerves: Lingual, glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal
  • Lymphatics
    • Submandibular gland
18
Q

3rd aperture in pharyngeal wall

A
  • Between middle and inferior constrictors
  • Internal branch of superior laryngeal n.
  • Superior laryngeal a. .and v.
    • From superior thyroid a of ECA
19
Q

4th aperture of pharygeal wall

A
  • Inferior to inferior constrictor
  • Recurrent laryngeal n.
  • Inferior laryngeal a. and v.
    • From inferior thyroid a. from thyrocervical trunk
20
Q

Sensory Innervation of Pharynx

A
  • Nasopharynx
    • Pharyngeal branch of V2
  • Oropharynx
    • CN 9, pharyngeal plexus
  • Laryngopharynx
    • CN X, pharyngeal plexus
21
Q

Boundaries of Nasopharynx

3

A
  • Superior and posterior to soft palate and uvula
  • Inferior to sphenoid bone
  • Posterior to internal nares (chonae)
22
Q

Contents of Nasopharynx

A
  • Opening (ostium) of pharyngotympanic or eustachian tube
    • Allows spread of infection from nasopharynx to middle ear
  • Torus tubaris
    • Elevation over base of auditory tube
  • Salpingopharyngeal fold
    • Mucous membrane over salpingopharyngeous muscle
  • Pharyngeal recess
    • Posterior to salpingopharyngeal fold
    • Contains pharyngeal tonsils
  • Adenoid of pharyngeal tonsil
    • No lymph, sinuses, crypts
    • Surrounded in part by CT and part by epithelium
23
Q

Oropharynx Boundaries

A
  • Inferior to soft palate
  • Superior to epiglottis
  • Posterior to tongue
24
Q

Oropharynx Contents

A
  • Soft palate
  • Salpingopharyngeal fold
  • Palatine tonsils (2)
  • Lingual tonsil (1)
    • Numerous lymphoid nodules/follicles in post 1/3 tongue. each with single crypt
  • Epiglottic vallecula
    • Space btw post 1/3 tongue and epiglottis
    • Food can get stuck here
25
Q

Palatine Tonsils

Location

Histology

A
  • Located in isthmus of fauces
    • Between palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch
  • Partially covered in epithelium and CT
    • Exposed side covered with stratified squamous epithelium
    • Attaches to pharynx wall with fibrous CT capsule
26
Q

Palatine Tonsils

Lymphatic tissue

A
  • Contains lymphoid follicles
  • MALT
  • Covered in crypts
    • larege internal surface
27
Q

Palatine tonsils

Arterial supply

A
  • Dorsal lingual a. (lingual a.)
  • Ascending palatine (facial a.)
  • Tonsilar branch a. (facial a.)
  • Ascending pharyngeal a (ECA)
  • Lesser Palatine a. (descending palatine a.)
28
Q

Palatine Tonsils

Venous drainage

A
  • Peritosilliary plexus to lingual v. and pharyngeal v. to IJV
29
Q

Palatine Tonsils Innervation

A
  • Lesser palatine nerves (V2)
  • Tonsilar branches of CN IV
    • Most common nerve to be damaged during tonsilectomy
30
Q

Waldeyers Ring

A
  • Ring of lymphoid tissue
  • Superior
    • Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoid)
  • Lateral
    • Tubal tonsil (eustachian)
    • Palatine tonsil
  • Inferior
    • Lingual tonsil
31
Q

Laryngopharynx

Boundaries and contents

A
  • Inferior to epiflottis and larynx
  • Piriform recess
    • On lateral wall
32
Q

Arterial supply to pharynx 8

A
  • Ascending pharyngeal a., Superior thyroid a.
    • From ECA
  • Pharyngeal aa. , Palatine a
    • From Ascending pharyngeal
  • Ascending palatine a, Tonsilar a.
    • from Facial a.
  • Pharyngeal a
    • From Maxillary
  • Inferior thyroid a.
    • From thyrocervical trunk
33
Q

Venous drainage of Pharynx

A
  • Pharyngeal plexus
    • Located in buccopharyngeal plexus
    • Drains into pterygoid plexus, facial v., and internal jugular v.

Head and Neck 2 (15 decks)

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