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Head and Neck 2 > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Cutaneous innervation of eyelid

A
  • V1
    • Supraorbital
    • Supratochlear
    • Infratrochlear
    • Lacrimal
  • V2
    • Infraorbital
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2
Q

Eyelid muscle

A
  • Orbicularis oculi
    • Colses eyelid
    • CN VII
  • Levator palpebrae superioris
    • Opens upper eyelid
    • CN III
  • Superior tarsal (Mullers)muscle
    • Elevates eyelid
    • Smooth uscle
    • Symapathetic control, T1, via superior cervical ganglion
    • Ptosis
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3
Q

Orbital Septa

A
  • Extension of periostium
  • Upper orbital septum continous with levator palpebrae superioris
  • Lower orbital septum continous with tarsal plate (dense CT)
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4
Q

Conjuctiva

A
  • Thin membrane
  • Protect eye from pathogens
  • Facilitates occular movement
  • Covers posterior surface of each eyelid and the eye
    • Palpebral layer
    • Bulbar or occular layer
    • Fornical layer
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5
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus

A
  • Lacrimal gland
    • Dividied into 2 parts by the levator palpebrae superioris
    • Lacrimal sulcus
    • Paired serous gland - produce tears
  • Lacrimal puncta-openings
  • Lacrimal canals or canaliculi
  • Lacrimal sac
  • Nasolacrimal duct
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6
Q

Eye Structures

7

A
  • Lens
  • Pupil
  • Anterior chamber
    • Filled with aqueous humor
  • Posterior auricular
    • Aqueous humor
  • Canal of Schlemm
    • Drains aqueous humor
  • Vitreous chamber
    • filled with vitreous humor (gelly goo)
  • Optic nerve
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7
Q

Anterior Segment

Post segment

A
  • Ant and post seperated by iris
  • Filled with aqueous humor
    • Made by cilliary body
    • Drains into superior opthalmic vein via the canal of schlemm
    • Intraocular pressure is measured here
  • Posterior segment
    • Called vitreous cavity
    • Filled with vitreous humor
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8
Q

3 Layers/tunics

A
  • Fibrous tunic
  • Vascular tunic or Uveal tract
  • Neural tunic
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9
Q

Fibrous Layer/tunic contents

A
  • Sclera
    • Surrounds post surface
    • Gives strngth and structure, fibrous
    • White along periphery
    • Allows for muscle attachment
  • Cornea (contact lays on this)
    • Anterior surface
    • Bends light
    • Encases most of anterior chamber
    • Sensory innervation by V1
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10
Q

Vascular layer or uveal tract

Contents (attachmeents)

A
  • Choroid
    • Highly vascularized
    • Extends from optic nerve to ciliary body
  • Ciliary body
    • Lens accomodation
    • Parasympathetic CN III, ciliary ganglion
  • Suspensory ligaments
    • Attach ciliary body to lens
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11
Q

Vascular layer or uveal tract

Contents

A
  • Lens
    • Post to iris
    • Focusing/refracting light
  • Iris
    • Sphincter pupillae m
      • Constrict pupil,
      • Parasympathetic CN III
    • Dilator pupillae
      • Dilate pupil
      • Sympathetic control
  • Pupil
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12
Q

Neural Layer

A
  • Retina
    • Innermost layer of eye
    • Thin and highly vascularized
    • Pigmented
    • Neural cells, photoreceptors
    • 3 specialized areas
      • Optic disc
      • Macula lutea
      • Fovea centralis
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13
Q

Ametropias

4

A
  • Myopia
    • Nearsightedness
    • Image focused anterior to retina
  • Hyperopia
    • Farsightedness
    • Image focused post to retina
  • Astigmatism
    • Nonsperical eye
    • Image focus at multiple location
  • Presbyopia
    • Loss of elasticity in the lens
    • Age related, reading glasses
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14
Q

Retina parts

A
  • Pigmented part
    • thin outer layer
    • Absorbs light to prevent it from bouncing around
  • Neural part
    • Thick inner layer
    • Contains
      • Photoreceptors
      • Neurons
      • Supporting cells
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15
Q

Photoreceptors

A
  • Rods
    • Work in dim light
    • Dont provide sharp or color vision
    • Periphery of retina
  • Cones
    • Operate best in bright light
    • High acuity
    • Color vision
    • Center of retina
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16
Q

Organization of retina

A
  • Rods and cones
  • Horizontal cells
  • Bipolar cells
  • Amacrine cells
  • Ganglion cells
    • Converge at optic disc
    • Become optic nerve
    • Travels throuugh optic canal
17
Q

Macula lutea

Fovea centralis

A
  • Macula lutea
    • Lateral to optic disc
    • mainly cones
  • Fovea centralis
    • Only cones
    • Maximal visual activity
18
Q

Optic disc

A
  • Blind spot, no rods or cones
  • Unmyelinated axons
  • Where central artery and vein enter and exit
19
Q

Bleaching

Night blindness

A
  • Bleaching
    • Rhodopsin breaks down into retinal and opsin
  • Night blindness
    • Deficiency of vitamin A
20
Q

Visual pathway photoreceptors to brain

A
  • Message crosses 2 synapses before heading to brain
    • Photoreceptor to bipolar cell
    • Bipolar cell to ganglion
  • Unmyelinated axons from ganglion converge on optic disc
  • Penetrate wall of eye as optic nerve CNII
  • Join at optic chiasm
  • Travel through optic tract
  • Travel to lateral geniculate of thalamus
  • arrive at visual cortex of opposite occipital lobe
    • Left to r lobe
21
Q

Walls of orbit

A
  • Superior
    • Frontal
    • Lesser wing of sphenoid
  • Inferior
    • Maxilla zygomatic palatine
  • Medial
    • Maxilla
    • Ethmoid
    • Lacrimal
    • Frontal
  • Lateral
    • Zygomatic
    • greater wing of sphenoid
    • Frontal
22
Q

Orbital margin bone

A

Frontal

Maxilla

Zygomatic

23
Q

Periorbital Fascia

A
  • Periosteum of orbit
  • Orbit is surrounded in fat
24
Q

Contents of superior orbital fissure

A
  • SUp and inf branches of CN 3
  • CN 4
  • Lacrimal n V1
  • Frontal V1
  • Nasocilliary V1
  • CN 6
  • Sup opthalmic v
  • Sympathetic fibers
25
Q

Contents of optic canal

A
  • CN 3
  • Opthalmic artery
26
Q

Contents of inferior orbital fissure

A
  • Inf opthalmic v
  • Infraorbital V2
  • Zygomatic of V2
  • Pterygopalatine ganglion branches
  • Infraorbital vessels
27
Q

Common tendinous ring

A
  • CN 2
  • Opthalmic a
  • CN 3
  • Nasociliary V1
  • CN 6
    *
28
Q

Fascia Bulbi (Tenons Capsule)

A
  • Thin capsule of fibrous CT
  • Allows for movement, attachment of extraoccular muscles
29
Q

Nerve supply to orbit

A
  • Optic 2
  • Occulomotor 3
  • Trochlear 4
  • Opthalmic V1
  • Maxillary V2
  • Abducens 6
  • Autonomics
30
Q

Arterial orbit

A
  • Opthalmic a
    • Branch from ICA, travels through optic foramen, inferior and lateral to optic nerve
    • Crosses optic nerve to reach medial orbit
  • Lacrimal
  • Supratrochleat
  • Supraorbital
  • Ciliary
  • Lacrimal
  • Ant/post ethmoid
  • Dorsal nasal
  • Central retinal (in optic nerve)
31
Q

Arterial supply of orbit from ECA

A
  • Infraorbital a from Maxillary
  • Angular a from facial
  • Superficial temporal a from ECA
    • Tranverse facial a
32
Q

Venous drainage

A
  • Supraorbital
  • Angular
  • Facial
  • Superior opthalmic
  • Inferior opthalmic
  • Infraorbital
  • Opthalmic veins drain into cavernous sinus
  • Pterygoid plexus

Head and Neck 2 (15 decks)

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