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Head and Neck 2 > The Neck > Flashcards

The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Fascial planes def

A

Band of connective tissue that surrounds structures

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2
Q

Superficial Investing Layer

Attaches and passes

Encloses

Surrounds

A
  • Attaches posteriorly along midline and passes anteriorly to surround entire neck
  • Encloses
    • Trapezius, SCM, Submandibular gland, parotid gland
  • Surrounds
    • Occipital, mastoid process, Zygomatic arch to scapular spine, Acromion, clavicle, manubrium
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3
Q

Muscular Pretracheal Fascia

Encloses

A

Encloses Infrahyoid muscles

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4
Q

Visceral Pretracheal Fascia

Surrounds 5

Continous and blends with

A
  • Surrounds
    • Thyroid gland
    • Larynx
    • Trachea
    • Pharynx
    • Esophagus
  • Continous with the buccopharyyngeal fascia
  • Blends
    • Laterally with carotid sheaths
    • Inferiorly with fibrous pericardium
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5
Q

Prevertebral Fascia

Surrounds 1

Envelopes 3

What travels along it

A
  • Surrounds cervical vertebral column
  • Envelopes Deep neck muscles including scalenes, and deep back muscles
  • CN 11 travels along the fascial layer to the trapezius and SCM
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6
Q

Carotid Sheath

What makes it and the space it spans

A
  • Made from contributions of superficial, middle, and deep layers of DCF
    • Blends with investing, pretracheal and prevertebral fascia
  • Travels from base of skull to aortic arch
  • Inner space- Carotid space
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7
Q

Carotid sheath Contents

6

A
  • Common carotid artery (inferior sheath)
  • Internal carotid artery (superior sheath)
  • Internal jugular vein
  • CN 10, Vagus
  • Cervical lymph nodes
  • Ansa cervicalis
    • Embeded in wall of sheath
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8
Q

What are the 3 groups of Fascial spaces

A
  • Suprahyoid fascial spaces
  • Infrahyoid fascial spaces
  • Fascial spaces that span the neck
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9
Q

Suprahyoid Fascial spaces

3 grps and subgroups

A
  • Submandibular Space
    • Sublingual space
    • Submaxillary space
  • Lateral (para) pharyngeal space
  • Masticator space
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10
Q

Sublingual space

Contains 5

A
  • Contains
    • CN 12
    • Lingual nerve
    • Subingual gland
    • Submandibular deep
    • Submandibular duct
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11
Q

Submaxillary space

contains 2 and clinical note

A
  • Contains
    • Submandibular gland
    • Anterior digastric muscle
    • Infections of mandibular molars spread though here
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12
Q

Lateral (para) pharyngeal space

Continous with

SUsceptible to

A
  • Continous with submandibular spaces and retromandibular spaces
  • Susceptible to infections from teeth, jaw, and pharynx
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13
Q

Masticator Space

Contains 4

A
  • Contains
    • Masseter
    • Lateral pterygoid
    • Medial pterygoid
    • Insertion for temporalis
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14
Q

What fascial spaces span the neck

A

Retropharyngeal space

Danger Space

Carotid Space

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15
Q

Retropharyngeal space

Located

Extends

A
  • Located between buccopharyngeal and alar fascia
    • Carotid sheath is lateral boundary
  • Extends from clivus to T2
    • Communicates with mediastinum
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16
Q

Retropharyngeal space

Contains 2

A

Areolar tissue

Retropharyngeal lymph nodes

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17
Q

Danger space

Location

Extends

Contains

Clinical notes

A

Located between alar fascia and prevertebral fascia

Extends from clivus to diaphragm

Contains life sustaining organs

Spread infections from pharynx to mediastinum

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18
Q

Anterior triangles

A

Submandibular triangle

Submental triangle

Muscular triangle

Carotid triangle

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19
Q

Posterior triangles

A

Occipital triangle

Subclavian, supraclavicular, or omoclavicular triangle

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20
Q

Anterior triangle borders

A

Anterior SCM

Inferior border of Mandible

Midline of neck

21
Q

Submandibular Traingle

Borders

A

Inferior border of mandible

Anterior Digastric

Posterior digastric

22
Q

Submandibular Triangle

Contents

A
  • Arteries
    • Facial a
    • Submental a
    • Lingual a
  • Veins
    • Facial v
    • Submental v
    • Lingual v.
  • Nerves
    • Mylohyoid nerve
    • CN 12 Hypoglossal nerve
  • Structures
    • Submandibular gland
    • Submandibular lymph nodes
    • Inferior part of parotid
23
Q

SUbmental Triangle

Borders and Contents

A

Left and right anterior digastric, inferior border of mand

No major contents

24
Q

Muscular Triangle Borders

A

Anterior SCM

Midline

Superior Omohyoid

25
Q

Muscular Triangle Contents

A
  • Arteries
    • Superior thyroid a.
  • Veins
    • Inferior thyroid vein
    • Anterior jugular vein
  • Muscles
    • Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid
  • Thyroid, parathyroid
  • Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Esophagus
26
Q

Carotid Triangle

Borders

A

Posterior digastric

Superior Omohyoid

Anterior SCM

27
Q

Carotid triangle

Contents

A
  • Arteries
    • Common carotid artery
    • External carotid artery
      • Superior thyroid, Ascending Pharyngeal, Lingual, Facial, Occipital
  • Veins:
    • Internal jugular vein
      • Superior thyroid, middle thyroid, Lingual, common facial
  • Nerves
    • CN X, CN XI, Ansa cervicalis, superior cervical ganglion
  • Carotid sheath
28
Q

Posterior Triangle

Borders

A

Anterior trapezius

Posterior SCM

29
Q

Occipital triangle

Location

A

Superior to inferior omohyoid

30
Q

Occipital triangle

Contents

A
  • Arteries
    • Thyrocervical trunk
      • Tranverse cervical
  • Nerves
    • Cervical plexus
    • Accessory CN XI
31
Q

SUbclavian triangle

Location

A

Inferior to inferior omohyoid

32
Q

Subclavian triangle

Contents

A
  • Arteries
    • Subclavian artery
    • Thyrocervical trunk
      • Suprascapular artery
  • External Jugular vein
  • Brachial plexus
33
Q

Suboccipital triangle

Borders

A

Suboccipital muscles

34
Q

Suboccipital triangle

Contents

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • Vertebral vein
  • Greater occipital nerve
  • Suboccipital nerve
  • Obliquus capitis superior
  • Obliquus capitis inferior
  • Rectus capitis posterior major
  • Rectus capitis posterior minor
35
Q

Visceral structures of the neck

6

A

Pharynx

Larynx

Traches

Esophagus

Thyroid

Parathyroid

36
Q

Where is the thyroid located

A

Anterior to the upper tracheal rings

Inferior to larynx

Between C6-T1

37
Q

What type of gland is the thyroid

What does it secrete

Characteristics

A

Largest pure endocrine gland

Secretes T3, T4 or thyroxine, and calcitonin

Highly vascular

2 lobes

Isthmus- crosses 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings

38
Q

Thyrois arterial supply

2

A

Superior thyroid a. (ECA)

Inferior thyroid (Thyrocervical trunk from subclavian)

39
Q

Thyroid venous drainage

A

Superior and middle thyroid veins drain into IJV

Inferior thyroid vein drains into brachiocephalic vein

40
Q

Thyroid Innervation

A

Glandular branches of cervical ganglia of sympathetic trunk

41
Q

Parathyroid gland

Describe

A

Encased in the posterior surface of thyroid

Small pea sized

42
Q

Parathyroid gland

Arterial and venous drainage

A

Superior thyroid artery (ECA)

Inferior thyroid artery (thyrocervical trunk )

Superior middle and inferior thyroid veins

43
Q

Parathyroid innervation

A

Glandular branches of cervical ganglia of sympathetic trunk

44
Q

Superior thoracic aperture or thoracic outlet

Bounded by

A

Manubrium

1st rib and cartilage

1st thoracic vertebrae

Contains apex of lung

45
Q

Root of neck contents

4

A

Subclavian artery

Subclavian vein

Phrenic nerve

Brachial plexus

46
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

What is it

Causes

Symptoms

A
  • Compression of trunks of brachial plexus and subclavian artery
  • Causes
    • Tumors of neck
    • Misplaced cervical rib
    • Hypertrophy of scalene muscles
  • Symptoms
    • Numbness/pain medial arm/hand
    • Weakness of hand muscles
    • Decreased blood flow to upper limb, decreased radial pulse
    • May affect sympathetic trunk
47
Q

SCALP Layers

A
  • Skin
  • Connective Tissue
    • Dense CT
    • Distributes neurovascular supply to scalp
  • Aponeurosis
    • Occipitalis, galea aponeurotica and frontalis
  • Loose CT
  • Periosteum
48
Q

Arterial supply to scalp

A
  • ICA
    • Opthalmic artery
      • Supratrochlear
      • Supraorbital
  • ECA
    • Superficial temporal
    • Posterior auricular
    • Occipital
49
Q

Cutaneous Innervation to Scalp

A
  • V1
    • Supratrochlear
    • Supraorbital
  • V2
    • Zygomaticotemporal
  • V3
    • Auriculotemporal
  • C2
    • Lesser occipital
    • Greater occipital
  • C3
    • Least occipital

Head and Neck 2 (15 decks)

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