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Head and Neck 2 > The Neck > Flashcards

The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Fascial planes def

A

Band of connective tissue that surrounds structures

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2
Q

Superficial Investing Layer

Attaches and passes

Encloses

Surrounds

A
  • Attaches posteriorly along midline and passes anteriorly to surround entire neck
  • Encloses
    • Trapezius, SCM, Submandibular gland, parotid gland
  • Surrounds
    • Occipital, mastoid process, Zygomatic arch to scapular spine, Acromion, clavicle, manubrium
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3
Q

Muscular Pretracheal Fascia

Encloses

A

Encloses Infrahyoid muscles

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4
Q

Visceral Pretracheal Fascia

Surrounds 5

Continous and blends with

A
  • Surrounds
    • Thyroid gland
    • Larynx
    • Trachea
    • Pharynx
    • Esophagus
  • Continous with the buccopharyyngeal fascia
  • Blends
    • Laterally with carotid sheaths
    • Inferiorly with fibrous pericardium
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5
Q

Prevertebral Fascia

Surrounds 1

Envelopes 3

What travels along it

A
  • Surrounds cervical vertebral column
  • Envelopes Deep neck muscles including scalenes, and deep back muscles
  • CN 11 travels along the fascial layer to the trapezius and SCM
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6
Q

Carotid Sheath

What makes it and the space it spans

A
  • Made from contributions of superficial, middle, and deep layers of DCF
    • Blends with investing, pretracheal and prevertebral fascia
  • Travels from base of skull to aortic arch
  • Inner space- Carotid space
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7
Q

Carotid sheath Contents

6

A
  • Common carotid artery (inferior sheath)
  • Internal carotid artery (superior sheath)
  • Internal jugular vein
  • CN 10, Vagus
  • Cervical lymph nodes
  • Ansa cervicalis
    • Embeded in wall of sheath
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8
Q

What are the 3 groups of Fascial spaces

A
  • Suprahyoid fascial spaces
  • Infrahyoid fascial spaces
  • Fascial spaces that span the neck
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9
Q

Suprahyoid Fascial spaces

3 grps and subgroups

A
  • Submandibular Space
    • Sublingual space
    • Submaxillary space
  • Lateral (para) pharyngeal space
  • Masticator space
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10
Q

Sublingual space

Contains 5

A
  • Contains
    • CN 12
    • Lingual nerve
    • Subingual gland
    • Submandibular deep
    • Submandibular duct
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11
Q

Submaxillary space

contains 2 and clinical note

A
  • Contains
    • Submandibular gland
    • Anterior digastric muscle
    • Infections of mandibular molars spread though here
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12
Q

Lateral (para) pharyngeal space

Continous with

SUsceptible to

A
  • Continous with submandibular spaces and retromandibular spaces
  • Susceptible to infections from teeth, jaw, and pharynx
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13
Q

Masticator Space

Contains 4

A
  • Contains
    • Masseter
    • Lateral pterygoid
    • Medial pterygoid
    • Insertion for temporalis
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14
Q

What fascial spaces span the neck

A

Retropharyngeal space

Danger Space

Carotid Space

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15
Q

Retropharyngeal space

Located

Extends

A
  • Located between buccopharyngeal and alar fascia
    • Carotid sheath is lateral boundary
  • Extends from clivus to T2
    • Communicates with mediastinum
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16
Q

Retropharyngeal space

Contains 2

A

Areolar tissue

Retropharyngeal lymph nodes

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17
Q

Danger space

Location

Extends

Contains

Clinical notes

A

Located between alar fascia and prevertebral fascia

Extends from clivus to diaphragm

Contains life sustaining organs

Spread infections from pharynx to mediastinum

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18
Q

Anterior triangles

A

Submandibular triangle

Submental triangle

Muscular triangle

Carotid triangle

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19
Q

Posterior triangles

A

Occipital triangle

Subclavian, supraclavicular, or omoclavicular triangle

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20
Q

Anterior triangle borders

A

Anterior SCM

Inferior border of Mandible

Midline of neck

21
Q

Submandibular Traingle

Borders

A

Inferior border of mandible

Anterior Digastric

Posterior digastric

22
Q

Submandibular Triangle

Contents

A
  • Arteries
    • Facial a
    • Submental a
    • Lingual a
  • Veins
    • Facial v
    • Submental v
    • Lingual v.
  • Nerves
    • Mylohyoid nerve
    • CN 12 Hypoglossal nerve
  • Structures
    • Submandibular gland
    • Submandibular lymph nodes
    • Inferior part of parotid
23
Q

SUbmental Triangle

Borders and Contents

A

Left and right anterior digastric, inferior border of mand

No major contents

24
Q

Muscular Triangle Borders

A

Anterior SCM

Midline

Superior Omohyoid

25
Muscular Triangle Contents
* Arteries * Superior thyroid a. * Veins * Inferior thyroid vein * Anterior jugular vein * Muscles * Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid * Thyroid, parathyroid * Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Esophagus
26
Carotid Triangle Borders
Posterior digastric Superior Omohyoid Anterior SCM
27
Carotid triangle Contents
* Arteries * Common carotid artery * External carotid artery * Superior thyroid, Ascending Pharyngeal, Lingual, Facial, Occipital * Veins: * Internal jugular vein * Superior thyroid, middle thyroid, Lingual, common facial * Nerves * CN X, CN XI, Ansa cervicalis, superior cervical ganglion * Carotid sheath
28
Posterior Triangle Borders
Anterior trapezius Posterior SCM
29
Occipital triangle Location
Superior to inferior omohyoid
30
Occipital triangle Contents
* Arteries * Thyrocervical trunk * Tranverse cervical * Nerves * Cervical plexus * Accessory CN XI
31
SUbclavian triangle Location
Inferior to inferior omohyoid
32
Subclavian triangle Contents
* Arteries * Subclavian artery * Thyrocervical trunk * Suprascapular artery * External Jugular vein * Brachial plexus
33
Suboccipital triangle Borders
Suboccipital muscles
34
Suboccipital triangle Contents
* Vertebral artery * Vertebral vein * Greater occipital nerve * Suboccipital nerve * Obliquus capitis superior * Obliquus capitis inferior * Rectus capitis posterior major * Rectus capitis posterior minor
35
Visceral structures of the neck 6
Pharynx Larynx Traches Esophagus Thyroid Parathyroid
36
Where is the thyroid located
Anterior to the upper tracheal rings Inferior to larynx Between C6-T1
37
What type of gland is the thyroid What does it secrete Characteristics
Largest pure endocrine gland Secretes T3, T4 or thyroxine, and calcitonin Highly vascular 2 lobes Isthmus- crosses 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings
38
Thyrois arterial supply 2
Superior thyroid a. (ECA) Inferior thyroid (Thyrocervical trunk from subclavian)
39
Thyroid venous drainage
Superior and middle thyroid veins drain into IJV Inferior thyroid vein drains into brachiocephalic vein
40
Thyroid Innervation
Glandular branches of cervical ganglia of sympathetic trunk
41
Parathyroid gland Describe
Encased in the posterior surface of thyroid Small pea sized
42
Parathyroid gland Arterial and venous drainage
Superior thyroid artery (ECA) Inferior thyroid artery (thyrocervical trunk ) Superior middle and inferior thyroid veins
43
Parathyroid innervation
Glandular branches of cervical ganglia of sympathetic trunk
44
Superior thoracic aperture or thoracic outlet Bounded by
Manubrium 1st rib and cartilage 1st thoracic vertebrae Contains apex of lung
45
Root of neck contents 4
Subclavian artery Subclavian vein Phrenic nerve Brachial plexus
46
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome What is it Causes Symptoms
* Compression of trunks of brachial plexus and subclavian artery * Causes * Tumors of neck * Misplaced cervical rib * Hypertrophy of scalene muscles * Symptoms * Numbness/pain medial arm/hand * Weakness of hand muscles * Decreased blood flow to upper limb, decreased radial pulse * May affect sympathetic trunk
47
SCALP Layers
* Skin * Connective Tissue * Dense CT * Distributes neurovascular supply to scalp * Aponeurosis * Occipitalis, galea aponeurotica and frontalis * Loose CT * Periosteum
48
Arterial supply to scalp
* ICA * Opthalmic artery * Supratrochlear * Supraorbital * ECA * Superficial temporal * Posterior auricular * Occipital
49
Cutaneous Innervation to Scalp
* V1 * Supratrochlear * Supraorbital * V2 * Zygomaticotemporal * V3 * Auriculotemporal * C2 * Lesser occipital * Greater occipital * C3 * Least occipital

Head and Neck 2 (15 decks)

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