Vascular tissues

Question 1

vascular tissues =

Answer 1

xylem + phloem

Question 2

xylem function

Answer 2

transports water and nutrients (minerals)

Question 3

phloem function

Answer 3

transports carbohydrates, hormones, AA’s (sugars)

Question 4

xylem evolved from

Answer 4

hydroid cells in nonvascular plants

Question 5

xylem cell walls are (2)

& why?

Answer 5

2* cw layers
lignin rich
& to prevent xylem from collapsing

Question 6

2 types of xylem conducting cells

Answer 6

tracheids (basal)
vessel elements (derived)

Question 7

tracheid transport through

Answer 7

bordered pits

Question 8

vessel elements:
axial transport through?
& lateral transport through?

Answer 8

perforation plates (actual holes)
pits

Question 9

vessel elements evolved…

Answer 9

…many times (convergence)

Question 10

tracheids vs vessel elements: water transport speed?

Answer 10

vessels definitely faster

Question 11

tracheids vs vessel elements: emboli?

Answer 11

tracheids trap emboli safely (not stacked)

vessels can block the whole vessel (stacked end to end)

Question 12

types of vessel perforation plates

Answer 12

scalariform

simple (only one big hole)

Question 13

water in xylem is under _______ ________ and therefore under _______

Answer 13

negative pressure

tension

Question 14

xylem products (2)

Answer 14

protoxylem (old / produced when growth occurs)

metaxylem (new / produced 2nd) (vessel)

Question 15

xylem tracheid & vessel arrangements

Answer 15

helical & annular

Question 16

1 sugar transported in phloem

Answer 16

sucrose

Question 17

phloem is under high

Answer 17

osmotic pressure

Question 18

phloem is under ________ ________ and therefore under ___________

Answer 18

positive pressure

compression

Question 19

phloem cell walls have

& dont have

Answer 19

1* cw’s

& no 2* cw or lignin

Question 20

2 types of phloem transport systems

Answer 20

sieve cells (basal)
sieve tube members/elements (derived)

Question 21

sieve cell transport through

Answer 21

sieve areas

Question 22

sieve tube members:
axial transport through?
lateral transport through?

Answer 22

sieve plates (HUGE 1* pit fields)
sieve areas

Question 23

traits of sieve cells & sieve tube members (4)

Answer 23

no nuclei
few organelles (anucleate)
thin cytoplasm
have cells associated with them

Question 24

phloem associated cells

Answer 24

sieve cells: albuminous cells

STM: companion cells

Question 25

phloem associated cells function

Answer 25

regulatory cells

Question 26

companion cells derived

Answer 26

from STM division

Question 27

albuminous cells derived

Answer 27

as modified parenchyma cells (independently from sieve cells)

Question 28

both phloem systems have _____ ______ for…

Answer 28

sieve areas (big 1* pit fields) for transport

Question 29

phloem reaction to plant injury

Answer 29

p proteins & callose plug cell plate & sieve areas

Question 30

fasicular cambium produces

Answer 30

cells in the vascular bundle