Lab Quiz 1 Flashcards
Cell with primary cell wall (from Pear), stains…
…purple because only has cellulose in cell wall
Cell with secondary cell wall (from Pear) stains…
…blue because it contains both lignin and cellulose
(onion cell) nucleus location
pushed to the side by the central vacuole in the center of the cell
chloroplast shape
oval
chloroplast function
photosynthesis
chloroplast movement called
“cytoplasmic streaming”
chloroplast movement caused by
movement of the cytoskeleton (cytoplasmic streaming)
amyloplast function & importance
starch storage
good energy source for humans
what is a druse?
where is it found?
intracellular calcium oxalate crystals
found within the central vacuole of the cell
apical meristem overall shape
dome
leaf primordial
surround and protects apical meristem
apical mersitem tunica location & function
at the top of the dome
gives rise to epidermis
apical mersitem corpus location and function
towards center of dome
gives rise to body of plant (ground meristem)
2 regions of stem dominated by…
…parenchyma: pith & cortex
parenchyma in cortex size and function
smaller and function as aids in photosynthesis (chlorenchyma)
parenchyma in pith size and function
larger and function as storage cells (parenchyma)
Chlorenchyma is a type of ______.
contains?
location?
type of parenchyma that contains chloroplasts, located just below epidermis
(water lily leaf) specialized parenchyma =
aerenchyma (with large air spaces for buoyancy)
collenchyma primary cell walls are
unevenly thickened
In celery, the bundles of _____ are found where?
collenchyma are found just under the epidermis in the region of the stem called the cortex (just under “ridges” of celery stem)
(1) schlerenchyma –>
& what kind of growth?
asterosclereid with intrusive growth
(2) schlerenchyma –>
with what to notice?
brachysclereid with pits (look like lines) in lignified secondary cell wall
(3) schlerenchyma –>
& function
fiber with intrusive growth along axis of plant
their long thin shape and stiff lignified walls help keep the stem supported upright
guard cell function
to open and close the stomate (stoma) for the transfer of gases
Subsidiary cell function
assist the guard cells in this function
stomate (stoma) =
guard cells + pore
trichomes =
& what shapes they can take
outgrowths of leaf epidermal cells
simple hair-like, glandular, branched hair-like, stellate/star-like
vascular bundles contain
& orientation
phloem & xylem (vascular tissue)
phloem (smaller) towards outside of stem / xylem (larger) towards inside of stem
phloem function
transports sugars
xylem function
transports water (and mineral nutrients)
xylem cell walls are stained ____ because _____….
red because they have a strong substance/chemical in their cell walls called lignin
Xylem =
Tracheids + Vessel elements
Xylem: Tracheids vs Vessel elements (shape & function)
- Vessel elements = large and wide, & are stacked end to end for more rapid transport of water
- Tracheids = thinner and longer & come to tapered ends, & they are not stacked end to end
flowering plants main transport phloem cells =
sieve tube elements (sieve tube cells + sieve plate + companion cells)
non-flowering plants main transport phloem cells =
sieve cells (with help of albuminous cells)
types of viewing sections
cross/transvers section (top-down)
radial (up & down + side to side)
tangential/longitudinal (up & down)
axial regions show…
radial regions show…
vessels, tracheas, fibers, phloem, xylem
rays (modified parenchyma cells)
secondary phloem aka
inner bark
secondary xylem aka
wood
bark has
suberin
wood has
lignin
bark includes
cork
appearance of rings in wood due to
late wood’s smaller vessels
fiber walls thin or thick?
& function?
thick walls and function in support of vascular tissue
each wood ring =
one year of plant growth
early wood vs late wood
early wood (big & light colored) late wood (small/squished & darker)
pine wood xylem only has
tracheids (no vessels)
tracheids have
bordered pits
bordered pits have
margo (outer) & torus (inner)
perforation plates of flowering wood are
simple plates
The cell in flowering plants that most resembles tracheids is the
fiber!
secondary phloem blue/dark structure =
fibers
sieve tube elements have
companion cells on each side of them
cork cambium separates
cork and cork parenchyma (phelloderm)
core cells at maturity are ____ & why?
dead & allows them to take damage without puhng the living tissue of the plant at risk, so the functioning of the plant is not disrupted
vascular cambium arises from
procambium
fascicular cambium
separates xylem and phloem
interfasicular cambium
connects fascicular cambiums
fascicular cambium + interfasicular cambium =
vascular cambium
