Lab Quiz 2 Flashcards
casparian strip location
in the cell walls of the endodermis (radially)
casparian strip function
regulates water movement, forcing symplastic movement and preventing desiccation
Where are the earliest formed X elements (proto) in relation to later formed X elements (meta)?
proto (old) @ ends of X poles
meta (new) @ center
pericycle functions (2)
regenerate periderm
aids w/ lateral root formation
where do you see root hairs?
zone of maturation
root hair function
increase surface area for absorption of water & nutrients
3 major functions of the root cap
protect apical meristem
help push through the soil with lubrication (mucilage)
detects gravity (with statoliths)
3 primary functions of roots with 2* growth
anchorage
support for plant
storage
is there a cortex in 2* root?
yes, just to the inside of the epidermis
(2* root) the periderm is formed by
the pericycle which gets pushed outwards & becomes cork cambium
what root systems do monocots have
adventitious
what root systems do dicots have
taproot
how does the protostele differ from that of the eustele?
protostele has a vascular cylinder
eustele has vascular bundles
which shoot stele arrangement most closely resembles that of 1* roots?
protostele
how does 2* anatomy of shoots compare to that of roots? (3)
- there are more vessels &/or tracheids (transport cells) in roots bc that’s roots main function (transport of water & minerals)
- there are less fibers in roots bc roots aren’t supporting as much as shoots
- there are less rays bc roots are not as wide
What type of tissue causes the increase in width of taproots?
wood
(shoot of succulent) why is it flattened in one direction?
to increase surface area & maximize photosynthesis
(shoot of succulent) why is it flattened in one direction?
to increase surface area & maximize photosynthesis
primary stem type of stele?
protostele
primary shoot type of stele?
eustele
“leaf arrangement” =
“phyllotaxy”
phytomeres =
repeating units of nodes & internodes
nodes =
leaf and axillary bud attachment
internodes =
the space between the nodes
types of leaf arrangements (3)
alternate
opposite
whorled
types of leaf shapes (2)
simple
compound (can be pinnately)
3 photosynthetic pathways
c3
c4
cam
are cam plants unifacial or bifacial
unifacial
mesophyll =
photosynthetic parenchyma that stores water
how does the anatomy cam leaves differ from c3 & c4?
cam = lots of chlorenchyma (that also function as storage parenchyma for water) and the vascular bundles are scattered throughout
are c4 plants bifacial or unifacial?
unifacial
name for anatomy of c4 plant?
kranz anatomy (bundle sheath cells)
(c4) what cells does CO2 get highly concentrated in?
bundle sheath cells
are c3 plants bifacial or unifacial?
bifacial (2 mesophyll)
palisade vs spongy mesophyll (appearance)
palisade = long & thin spongy = small and round
major differences between anatomy of c3 & c4 leaves?
c4 = unifacial w/ kranz "wreath" anatomy of large bundle sheath cells c3 = bifacial
chlorophyll fluorescence depends on
the fluorescence of chlorophyll under dark-adapted conditions
when a leaf is in the dark,
none of its chlorophyll molecules are excited, and all of the photoreceptors are open/none of its chlorophyll molecules are excited. this is the maximum quantum (light) efficiency of photosystem 2
what machine used to excite the chlorophyll and measure the fluorescence of the excited chlorophyll
fluorometer
c3 = __% of land plants (& what types)
92%
cool & moist under normal light
c4 = __% of land plants (& what types)
1%
high temperatures & high light (many grasses, weedy, and annual species)
cam = __% of land plants (& what types)
7%
cacti, desert, succulents, tropical epiphytes (aerial growth so roots don’t have access to much water)
2 stages of photosynthesis
light dep rxns
light indep rxns (Calvin cycle)
c4 Calvin cycle occurs in
bundle sheath cells
c4 light dep rxns occur in
mesophyll cells
transpiration =
loss of water through stomata, when plants open stomata to take up CO2 for photosynthesis
leaves have a
boundary layer
boundary layer =
still layer of fluid/vapor surround leaf surface.
for transpiration to occur,
water vapor diffuses through boundary layer to reach the atmosphere. how thick that layer is will effect how quickly water is lost from the leaf, the transpiration rate
when air is still,
boundary layer is thickest, making diffusion of water vapor out of the leaf slow down.
as wind increases,
the boundary layer gets thinner, increasing the movement of water vapor out of the leaf, increasing the transpiration rate when stomata are open
stomatal conductance =
measurement of how open stomata are on the leaf
potometer =
to measure transpiration rate
porometer =
to measure stomatal conductance
