Lab Quiz 2

Question 1

casparian strip location

Answer 1

in the cell walls of the endodermis (radially)

Question 2

casparian strip function

Answer 2

regulates water movement, forcing symplastic movement and preventing desiccation

Question 3

Where are the earliest formed X elements (proto) in relation to later formed X elements (meta)?

Answer 3

proto (old) @ ends of X poles

meta (new) @ center

Question 4

pericycle functions (2)

Answer 4

regenerate periderm

aids w/ lateral root formation

Question 5

where do you see root hairs?

Answer 5

zone of maturation

Question 6

root hair function

Answer 6

increase surface area for absorption of water & nutrients

Question 7

3 major functions of the root cap

Answer 7

protect apical meristem
help push through the soil with lubrication (mucilage)
detects gravity (with statoliths)

Question 8

3 primary functions of roots with 2* growth

Answer 8

anchorage
support for plant
storage

Question 9

is there a cortex in 2* root?

Answer 9

yes, just to the inside of the epidermis

Question 10

(2* root) the periderm is formed by

Answer 10

the pericycle which gets pushed outwards & becomes cork cambium

Question 11

what root systems do monocots have

Answer 11

adventitious

Question 12

what root systems do dicots have

Answer 12

taproot

Question 13

how does the protostele differ from that of the eustele?

Answer 13

protostele has a vascular cylinder

eustele has vascular bundles

Question 14

which shoot stele arrangement most closely resembles that of 1* roots?

Answer 14

protostele

Question 15

how does 2* anatomy of shoots compare to that of roots? (3)

Answer 15

• there are more vessels &/or tracheids (transport cells) in roots bc that’s roots main function (transport of water & minerals)
• there are less fibers in roots bc roots aren’t supporting as much as shoots
• there are less rays bc roots are not as wide

Question 16

What type of tissue causes the increase in width of taproots?

Answer 16

wood

Question 17

(shoot of succulent) why is it flattened in one direction?

Answer 17

to increase surface area & maximize photosynthesis

Question 18

(shoot of succulent) why is it flattened in one direction?

Answer 18

to increase surface area & maximize photosynthesis

Question 19

primary stem type of stele?

Answer 19

protostele

Question 20

primary shoot type of stele?

Answer 20

eustele

Question 21

“leaf arrangement” =

Answer 21

“phyllotaxy”

Question 22

phytomeres =

Answer 22

repeating units of nodes & internodes

Question 23

nodes =

Answer 23

leaf and axillary bud attachment

Question 24

internodes =

Answer 24

the space between the nodes

Question 25

types of leaf arrangements (3)

Answer 25

alternate
opposite
whorled

Question 26

types of leaf shapes (2)

Answer 26

simple

compound (can be pinnately)

Question 27

3 photosynthetic pathways

Answer 27

c3
c4
cam

Question 28

are cam plants unifacial or bifacial

Answer 28

unifacial

Question 29

mesophyll =

Answer 29

photosynthetic parenchyma that stores water

Question 30

how does the anatomy cam leaves differ from c3 & c4?

Answer 30

cam = lots of chlorenchyma (that also function as storage parenchyma for water) and the vascular bundles are scattered throughout

Question 31

are c4 plants bifacial or unifacial?

Answer 31

unifacial

Question 32

name for anatomy of c4 plant?

Answer 32

kranz anatomy (bundle sheath cells)

Question 33

(c4) what cells does CO2 get highly concentrated in?

Answer 33

bundle sheath cells

Question 34

are c3 plants bifacial or unifacial?

Answer 34

bifacial (2 mesophyll)

Question 35

palisade vs spongy mesophyll (appearance)

Answer 35

palisade = long & thin
spongy = small and round

Question 36

major differences between anatomy of c3 & c4 leaves?

Answer 36

c4 = unifacial w/ kranz "wreath" anatomy of large bundle sheath cells
c3 = bifacial

Question 37

chlorophyll fluorescence depends on

Answer 37

the fluorescence of chlorophyll under dark-adapted conditions

Question 38

when a leaf is in the dark,

Answer 38

none of its chlorophyll molecules are excited, and all of the photoreceptors are open/none of its chlorophyll molecules are excited. this is the maximum quantum (light) efficiency of photosystem 2

Question 39

what machine used to excite the chlorophyll and measure the fluorescence of the excited chlorophyll

Answer 39

fluorometer

Question 40

c3 = __% of land plants (& what types)

Answer 40

92%

cool & moist under normal light

Question 41

c4 = __% of land plants (& what types)

Answer 41

1%

high temperatures & high light (many grasses, weedy, and annual species)

Question 42

cam = __% of land plants (& what types)

Answer 42

7%

cacti, desert, succulents, tropical epiphytes (aerial growth so roots don’t have access to much water)

Question 43

2 stages of photosynthesis

Answer 43

light dep rxns

light indep rxns (Calvin cycle)

Question 44

c4 Calvin cycle occurs in

Answer 44

bundle sheath cells

Question 45

c4 light dep rxns occur in

Answer 45

mesophyll cells

Question 46

transpiration =

Answer 46

loss of water through stomata, when plants open stomata to take up CO2 for photosynthesis

Question 47

leaves have a

Answer 47

boundary layer

Question 48

boundary layer =

Answer 48

still layer of fluid/vapor surround leaf surface.

Question 49

for transpiration to occur,

Answer 49

water vapor diffuses through boundary layer to reach the atmosphere. how thick that layer is will effect how quickly water is lost from the leaf, the transpiration rate

Question 50

when air is still,

Answer 50

boundary layer is thickest, making diffusion of water vapor out of the leaf slow down.

Question 51

as wind increases,

Answer 51

the boundary layer gets thinner, increasing the movement of water vapor out of the leaf, increasing the transpiration rate when stomata are open

Question 52

stomatal conductance =

Answer 52

measurement of how open stomata are on the leaf

Question 53

potometer =

Answer 53

to measure transpiration rate

Question 54

porometer =

Answer 54

to measure stomatal conductance