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BOT 201 > Green Plant Phylogeny/Life Cycle (Final Exam) > Flashcards

Green Plant Phylogeny/Life Cycle (Final Exam) Flashcards

1
Q

Chlorophyte branch =

A

chlorophyceae + ulvophyceae

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2
Q

streptophyte branch =

A

streptophyte algae + embryophytes

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3
Q

chlorophyceae roots =

A

symmetrical flagellar roots

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4
Q

chlorophyceae dominant ploidy

A

haploid dominant

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5
Q

chlorophyceae can be

A

unicellular, colonial, and multicellular algae

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6
Q

some chlorophyceae are

A

terrestrial algae

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7
Q

Ulvophyceae roots =

A

symmetrical flagellar roots

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8
Q

Ulvophyceae marine groups have

A

an isomorphic alternation of generations

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9
Q

Ulvophyceae freshwater groups have

A

a haploid dominant life cycle

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10
Q

Ulvophyceae forms =

A

Multicellular forms as well as siphonous (coenocytic)

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11
Q

Streptophyte Clade includes

A

several basal clades and also land plants

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12
Q

Streptophyte Clade/groups ploidy

A

a haploid dominant life cycle

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13
Q

Streptophyte Clade/groups developed _____ & ______

A

oogamy

& sporopollenin = Desiccation and decay resistant

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14
Q

(Streptophyte Clade/groups) precursors to land plants developed

A

a heteromorphic alternation of generations

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15
Q

nonvascular plants =

A

basal groups of embryophytes

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16
Q

nonvascular plant group is a

A

paraphyletic group

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17
Q

nonvascular plants all lack

A

X & P

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18
Q

nonvascular plants all have dominant…

A

(long-lived) gametophyte generations

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19
Q

nonvascular plants all disperse

A

spores long distances

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20
Q

nonvascular plants all have sperm that

A

swim short distances

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21
Q

Liverworts aka

A

Marchantiophyta

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22
Q

Liverworts are the

A

oldest extant lineage of embryophytes

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23
Q

liverworts have no (2)

A

stomates

IAA (auxin)

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24
Q

liverworts consist of 2 main growth forms:

A

thallus

leafy

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25
Q

liverworts reproduction (2)

A
  • asexual (break apart + gemmae)

- sexual (antheridiophores + archegoniophores + moss-like sporophytes)

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26
Q

hornworts aka

A

anthocerophyta

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27
Q

hornworts are thallus plants with

A

long sporophytes with indeterminate growth (open like a bean)

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28
Q

hornworts have

A

stomata on sporophytes

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29
Q

hornworts have fewer

A

species than other nonvascular plants (100)

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30
Q

hornworts use

A

N-fixing bac in thalli

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31
Q

mosses aka

A

Bryophyta

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32
Q

mosses are generally

A

leafy

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33
Q

most basal moss group

A

sphagnum mosses

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34
Q

sphagnum mosses have

A

dead cells for water storage

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35
Q

“true” mosses typically have (3)

A

a sporophyte like Mnium
capsule w/ peristome
hardum-vascular strand w/ hydroids & leptoids

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36
Q

seedless vascular plants =

A

basal vascular plants

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37
Q

what type of group are seedless vascular plants

A

paraphyletic

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38
Q

all seedless vascular plants have xylem with

A

lignified tracheids

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39
Q

all seedless vascular plants have phloem with

A

sieve cells

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40
Q

all seedless vascular plants have dominant

A

sporophyte generation

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41
Q

all seedless vascular plants have

A

free-living gametophytes

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42
Q

all seedless vascular plants disperse

A

spores long distances

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43
Q

all seedless vascular plants sperm

A

swim short distances

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44
Q

cooksonia =

A

early vascular plant

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45
Q

cooksonia roots –>

A

none

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46
Q

cooksonia have terminal

A

sporangia

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47
Q

cooksonia stele =

A

protostele

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48
Q

cooksonia exhibit

A

dichotomous branching

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49
Q

lycopodiophyta exhibit

A

dichotomous branching

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50
Q

lycopodiophyta stele =

A

protostele

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51
Q

lycopodiophyta leaf like structures are

A

microphylls = one vascular bundle in leaf

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52
Q

lycopods are

A

homosporous = producing only one kind of spore (no sex diff)

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53
Q

lycopods lack

A

ligules (narrow blades like grass)

54
Q

lycopods =

A

most basal extant lycopodiophyta

55
Q

selaginella =

A

more derived extant lycopodiophyta

56
Q

selaginella are

A

heterosporous (producing diff sex spores)

57
Q

selaginella have

A

legumes

58
Q

lycopodium cernuum lives in

A

Hawaii

59
Q

lycopodium cernuum branches

A

dichotomous

60
Q

lycopodium cernuum has

A

cones (strobili) at the tips of some of its branches

61
Q

lycopodium cernuum the leaves in the strobili are

A

sporophylls

62
Q

Lepidodendron are

A

heterosporous

63
Q

Lepidodendron produces

A

wood but no 2* phloem

64
Q

Lepidodendron female gametophyte are

A

seed-like, bigger than your thumb

65
Q

Lepidodendron dominated

A

early coal forests (30 m tall)

66
Q

Lepidodendron became extinct as

A

earth began to dry

67
Q

Monilophytes =

A

ferns &; their relatives

68
Q

Monilophyte group generally have (2)

A
  • megaphylls (euphyllophytes / leaves with branched vascular bundles)
  • siphonostele (not all of them)
69
Q

Monilophytes evolved before

A

carboniferous period

70
Q

in vascular plants –>

A

sporangia are produced by sporophylls

71
Q

Leptosporangiate ferns have

A

Leptosporangia = each sporangium comes from one cell

72
Q

ferns =

A

leptosporangiate ferns + eusporangiate ferns

73
Q

eusporangiate ferns have

A

eusporangia = each sporangium arise from several cells

74
Q

leptosporangiate ferns leaves are

A

large (double for photosynthesis and as sporophylls)

75
Q

leptosporangiate have loads of

A

sporangia on sori or other groupings

76
Q

leptosporangiate stems are

A

usually stems, but some ferns have long, upright shoots

77
Q

leptosporangiate venation =

A

circinate

78
Q

psilotales aka

A

whisk ferns

79
Q

psilotales exhibit

A

basal vegetative traits

80
Q

psilotales branching =

A

dichotomous

81
Q

psilotales stele =

A

protostele

82
Q

psilotales leaves =

A

enations (leaves)

83
Q

psilotales have no

A

roots (instead, symbiotic fungi)

84
Q

psilotales synangia comprised of

A

3 sporangia

85
Q

psilotales have some

A

gametophytes that are subterranean

86
Q

equisetales aka

A

horse tails

87
Q

equisetales have

A

hollow stems

88
Q

equisetales stele

A

eustele

89
Q

equisetales exhibit

A

small, dead leaves (actually macrophylls)

90
Q

equisetales have terminal

A

strobili (homosporous & silica rich)

91
Q

prior to seed evolution: (2)

A

esteles evolved

bifacial vascular cambium

92
Q

spermatophytes aka

A

seed plants

93
Q

why the spermatophyte name?

A

sperm = seed

94
Q

spermatophytes have dominant

A

sporophyte

95
Q

spermatophytes house

A

female gametophyte and developing embryo on parent plant (not free-living)

96
Q

spermatophytes female gametophyte…

A

no longer separated from sporophyte (housed on ovule)

97
Q

spermatophytes pollen grain =

A

immature male gametophytes

98
Q

spermatophytes male & female gametophytes are

A

extremely reduced in size

- fewer cells

99
Q

spermatophytes male gametophytes are

A

made up of 3 cells

100
Q

spermatophytes male gametophytes pollen is

A

surrounded by sporopollenin

101
Q

in the nonvascular and seedless vascular plants, sporopollenin was

A

in the walls of spores

102
Q

spermatophytes allowed

A

migration to drier habitats (important during drying of the Permian)

103
Q

Seed Plant (Gymnosperm) Ovule Development

A 
Only one megaspore (n) develops from megaspore
mother cell (2n); the 3 other cells from meiosis die
104
Q

male gametophytes are produced by

A

microspores

105
Q

Cycadophyta evolved

A

280 mya

106
Q

Cycadophyta dominated during

A

Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous

107
Q

Cycadophyta are

A

dioecious (male and female plants)

108
Q

Cycadophyta have

A

flagellated sperm

109
Q

Cycadophyta male cones

A

are persistent

110
Q

Cycadophyta female cones

A

usually break apart

111
Q

Cycadophyta leaves are

A

evergreen

112
Q

Ginkgophyta only have

A

1 extant species

113
Q

Ginkgophyta exhibit

A

fleshy seeds (seed coat has several layers)

114
Q

Ginkgophyta are

A

dioecious

115
Q

Ginkgophyta have no

A

persistent “cones” (strobili)

116
Q

Ginkgophyta have

A

flagellated sperm

117
Q

Coniferophyta is the most

A

species group of gymnosperms

118
Q

Coniferophyta female cones (strobili) are

A

persistent

119
Q

Coniferophyta sperm are

A

not flagellated

120
Q

Coniferophyta are typically

A

evergreen trees and shrubs

121
Q

Coniferophyta are mostly

A

monoecious (some dioecious; Podocarpus)

122
Q

Coniferophyta are the most…

A

successful phylum outside of the Angiosperms in temperate regions

123
Q

Gnetales are

A

in or sister to Coniferophyta

124
Q

Gnetales were once considered

A

the sister group to the flowering plants

125
Q

Gnetales = most…

A

diverse group morphologically

126
Q

Gnetales strobili

A

if present, very flower-like

  • nectar
  • few parts
  • 1 seeded
127
Q

Gnetales exhibit

A

vessels!

128
Q

Ginkgophyta seed coat with

A

several layers (fleshy outside / hard inside)

129
Q

Ginkgophyta were never

A

dominant

130
Q

Southern Hemisphere conifers =

A

dioecious (male & female cones on same plant)

131
Q

Northern Hemisphere conifers =

A

monoecious

BOT 201 (26 decks)

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