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(SLU) PHARMA 112: BOTANY LEC > Vascular Tissue > Flashcards

Vascular Tissue Flashcards

1
Q
  • The transport system of the plant
  • Comprised of three components:

Exterior Interior
<– phloem cambium xylem –>

A

vascular tissue

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2
Q

Organization of vascular bundles is variable:

  • form a complete _____ in the stem
  • arranged as a _____ of bundles (dicot)
  • vascular bundles __________ throughout the stem (monocot)
A

ring

circle

distributed (scattered)

VASCULAR TISSUE

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3
Q
  • Normally localized towards the _______ of the vascular bundle
  • Primary function is to distribute photosynthate (_________) from leaves (source) to the rest of the plant
A

outside

fixed carbon

PHLOEM

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4
Q

phloem is composed of 2 major cell types

a. _____________
- responsible for transport but lack a nucleus
- elongated cells with porous connections between the ends of cells (sieve plates)

b. _____________
- support the activity of the sieve tube

A

a. sieve tube members

b. companion cells

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5
Q
  • to provide a source of new cells for growth of the vascular system
  • this is a ____________
  • ___________ is a thin layer of undifferentiated cells between the phloem and xylem
  • After division, this can produce either phloem or xylem cells
  • essential for radial expansion of the stem
A

meristematic tissue
Cambium

VASCULAR CAMBIUM

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6
Q
  • Normally localized towards the INSIDE of the vascular bundle
  • required for transport of water and nutrients from root throughout the plant
  • Xylem cells die after _________
  • Xylem contains several cell types
  • _______, long and thin
  • _______, short and fat
A

differentiation

Tracheids
Xylem vessels

XYLEM

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7
Q
  • Cell walls of these cells are thickened for strength
  • Rings of _______ provide reinforcement
  • Water and nutrients are moved through xylem vessels and tracheids arranged end to end
  • __________ provide structural support and are an important component of hardwoods
  • __________ are primary component of soft woods including pines
A

lignin

Xylem fibers

Tracheids

XYLEM

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8
Q
  • Innermost tissue of the stem
  • Comprised of undifferentiated _____________
  • Can function as a ________, for example in sugar cane
  • May be _____________ in
    many woody plants
A

parenchyma cells

storage tissue

lost or reduced

PITH

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9
Q

STEM STRUCTURE

A

EPIDERMIS
- epidermal
- guard cells

CORTEX
- parenchyma

VASCULAR SYSTEM
- phloem
- cambium
- xylem

PITH
- parenchyma

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10
Q

STEM GROWTH

A
  • primary growth
  • secondary growth
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11
Q
  • new cells produced at the root tips and shoots
  • increase in stem length
A

primary growth

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12
Q
  • increase in stem width

✓ ______________: produces tissue and increases thickness

✓ ______________: produces outer covering of stems

A

vascular cambium

Cork cambium

SECONDARY GROWTH

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13
Q

formation of wood

A

wood
sapwood

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14
Q

✔ layers of xylem produced year after year
✔ resulted from the older xylem not conducting water (heartwood)
✔ becomes darker with age

A

wood

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15
Q

surrounds the heartwood

A

sapwood

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16
Q

formation of bark

A
  • All the tissues outside the vascular cambium
  • Consists of outermost layers of dead cork
  • Function: waterproof
17
Q

Stems: Internal Anatomy (Wood)

A
  • bark
  • heartwood
  • sapwood
18
Q

old, inactive secondary phloem

A

bark

19
Q

old, inactive secondary xylem

A

heartwood

20
Q

new, active secondary xylem

A

sapwood

21
Q
  • Lack secondary growth - because plants only live one year/growing season (annuals)
  • Stems remain soft and flexible
  • Buds lack protective scales (don’t need to survive harsh conditions)
A

herbaceous stems

22
Q
  • Plants living and growing over multiple seasons have secondary growth (xylem, phloem) increasing diameter of the stems
  • This is due to the ____________ which gives rise to the secondary xylem and phloem
A

vascular cambium

WOODY STEMS

23
Q

specialized stems

A

stolon
rhizome
tuber
bulb
section of a bulb
volubilate twining

24
Q

stems that grow aboveground:

A
  1. tendrils
  2. searcher shoots
  3. stolons/runners
  4. thorns/spines
  5. cladodes/cladophylls
  6. culms
  7. succulent stems
25
Q

__________: long coiling structures that function for attachment and support of a climbing plant

(_____)

A

tendrils

sayote

26
Q

__________: stems with long internodes that move in circles through the air seeking support

(_____)

A

Searcher shoots

beans

27
Q

__________: horizontally oriented stems that grow along the soil surface; they function for vegetative reproduction due to the formation of roots at the nodes

(_______ & ________)

A

Stolons/runners

strawberry & bermuda grass

28
Q

__________: modified stems that protect the plant from grazers

(_____ & _____)

A

Thorns/spines

bougainvillea & lemon

29
Q

__________: flat, leaf-like stems modified for photosynthesis.

(________ & ________)

A

Cladodes/Cladophylls

asparagus, cactus

30
Q

__________: hollow or solid stem of grasses with distinct nodes and internodes, and sometimes form roots at the nodes

(________ and ________)

A

Culms

sugarcane & bamboo

31
Q

__________: store large amounts of water, common with plants in desert areas

(_______)

A

Succulent stems

cacti

32
Q

stems that grow underground

A
  1. bulb
  2. corn
  3. rhizomes
  4. tubers
33
Q

_______: large, roundish bud with a small basal stem at its lower part and its bulk being made of thickened scales which store nutrients

(_____ & _____)

A

Bulb

onions & tulips

34
Q

_______: stubby, short, fleshy, vertically-oriented stems that store nutrients

(_______)

A

Corm

gladiolus

35
Q

_________: underground stems that grow near the soil surface and have short internodes bearing scales; store food for renewing growth of the shoot after periods of cold weather

(_____ & _____)

A

Rhizomes

ginger & iris

36
Q

________: swollen regions of stems that store food; they bear buds called “______”

(______)

A

Tubers

eyes

potatoes

(SLU) PHARMA 112: BOTANY LEC (14 decks)

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