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(SLU) PHARMA 112: BOTANY LEC > FINALS: FLOWERS > Flashcards

FINALS: FLOWERS Flashcards

1
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF FLOWERS

A
  1. according to class
  2. according to radial symmetry
  3. according to parts present
  4. according to flower organs
  5. according to presence of reproductive organs
  6. according to position of ovaries
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2
Q

basic parts of a flower

A

petal
sepals
stamen
pistil/carpel

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3
Q

non-reproductive parts of a flower

A

petals
sepals

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4
Q

bright/heavily colored

A

petals

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5
Q

collection of petals

A

corolla

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6
Q

collection of sepals

A

calyx

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7
Q

collection of corolla and calyx

A

perianth

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8
Q
  • male reproductive organ
  • they fertilize the ovules
A

pollen grains

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9
Q

the female part of the flower

A

pistil

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10
Q

secondary metabolism that gives color

A

antocyanins

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11
Q

petal’s aromatic substances

A

volatile oil

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12
Q

biological function of flowers

A

sexual reproduction
asexual reproduction

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13
Q
  • entails the fusion of reproductive cells: eggs and sperm cells
  • Fusion of gametes - “__________” occur in the flower’s ovary.
A

fertilization

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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14
Q
  • does not involve the formation of flowers, seeds and fruits
  • offspring generally form asexually when a vegetative structure (stems, leaves, roots) of an existing plant grows, expands and then becomes separated from the rest of the plant
A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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15
Q

external structure of flowers

A
  1. receptacle
  2. peduncle or pedicel
    - perianth
    - bracts
    * involucre
  3. Sepals (Calyx)
  4. Petals (Corolla)
  5. stamen
    - filament
    - anther
  6. pistil
    - carpel
    - ovary
    - style
    - stigma
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16
Q
  • the tip of the floral twig
  • the enlarged portion of the flower stalk to which the other organs are attached
  • where floral organs attach and originate
A

receptacle

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17
Q

stalk of the flower

  • composed of the calyx (collection of sepals) and corolla (collection of petals)
  • small leaves at the base of a flower stalk
  • collection of bracts
A

PEDUNCLE / PEDICEL

  • perianth
  • bracts
  • involucre
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18
Q
  • the outermost circle of green leaf-like structure that function for protection and keeps an unopened flower from drying
  • falls off after pollination or when flower matures
A

sepals (calyx)

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19
Q

a circle of brightly colored organs that lie inside the sepals that secrete aromatic substances and nectar (concentrated sugar solution)

A

petals (corolla)

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20
Q

reproductive parts of a flower

A

stamen
pistil

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21
Q

situated inside the petals, consist of:

a. _________: stalk of the anther

b. _________: the apex of the stamen that contains pollen grains (male gametophyte)

A

STAMEN

a. filament
b. anther

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22
Q

structure at the center of the
flower

A

PISTIL

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23
Q

pistil consists of

A

carpel
ovary
style
stigma

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24
Q

ovule – bearing unit of the pistil

A

CARPEL

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25
Q

hollow base which contains the ovules (female gametophyte, underdeveloped seeds) that will be the fruit

A

OVARY

26
Q

stalk of the pistil into which the pollen tube travels during pollination

A

STYLE

27
Q

flat, sticky, expanded structure at the upper end of the style specialized to receive the pollen

  • found at the end of the pistil
  • has a sticky surface to catch pollen
A

STIGMA

28
Q
  • female reproductive cells or
    eggs
  • undeveloped seeds
A

ovules

29
Q

according to class

A

monocot
dicot

30
Q

floral parts occur in multiples of 3

A

monocot

31
Q
  • floral parts occur in multiples of 2, 4 or 5, less frequently in 3s,
  • include about 80% of
    angiosperms
A

dicot

32
Q

according to radial symmetry

A
  1. regular “actinomorphic”
  2. irregular (bilateral) - zygomorphic
    - banner or standard
    - wings
    - keel
33
Q

built on a wheel-like basis where all parts of each set of organs are the same size and shape

  • actinomorphic
A

regular

  • rose, tulip, daisy, gumamela
  • radially symmetrical (Brassica rapa) — Brassicaceae
34
Q

can be divided along a single plan to produce two halves which are mirror images of each other

  • Corolla may be composed of the following:
  1. _________: single broad conspicuous petal
  2. ________: usually two, narrower petals
  3. ________: opposite the banner; one or two smaller petals
  • zygomorphic
A

irregular (bilateral)

  • orchid, peas, beans
  1. Banner or standard
  2. Wings
  3. Keel
  • bilaterally symmetrical (Habenaria sp.) — Orchidaceae
35
Q

according to parts present

A

complete
incomplete

36
Q

has all the basic parts like the stamen, petals, pistil, and sepals

A

complete

  • rose, lily, gumamela
37
Q

lacks one or more of the floral organs

A

incomplete

  • elm, wheat, grass
38
Q

according to flower organs

A

connation
adnation

39
Q
  • floral organs of the same kind are fused together
  • floral organs are fused to other floral organs
A
  • connation
  • adnation
40
Q

according to the presence of reproductive organs

A
  1. perfect (bisexual or hermaphroditic)
  2. imperfect (unisexual)
    - pistillate
    - staminate
    - monoecious
    - dioecious
    - polygamomonoecious
41
Q
  • contains both pistil and
    stamen
  • flowers that have both male and female parts
A

perfect (bisexual/hermaphroditic)

  • rose, gumamela
42
Q
  • lacks one of the essential
    organs (sex structure)
  • contains either the pistil or stamen only

a. _______: only the pistil is present

b. _______: only the stamen is present

c. _______: contains pistil and stamen in one plant
- corn, cucumber, squash

d. _______: pistil and stamen are found on separate plants
- papaya, asparagus, willow

e. _______: an individual plant with flowers plus staminate or pistilate unisexual flowers

A

imperfect (unisexual)

a. Pistillate
b. Staminate
c. Monoecious
d. Dioecious
e. Polygamomonoecious

43
Q

according to the position of the ovaries

A
  1. Hypogynous (Superior ovary)
  2. Perigynous (Half-inferior ovary)
  3. Epigynous (Inferior ovary)
44
Q

primary parts are attached to the receptacle under the ovary

A
  1. Hypogynous (Superior ovary)
  • tulip, mustard, China rose, lily, magnolia
45
Q

the pistil is in the bottom of a concave receptacle to the edges of which the sepals, stamen and petals are attached

A
  1. Perigynous (Half-inferior ovary)
  • cherry, peach, plum, pea, apple, rose, strawberry
46
Q

the pistil is sunken into the receptacle, with sepals, petals and stamens attached above the ovary

A
  1. Epigynous (Inferior ovary)
  • honeysuckle, sunflower, cucumber, dandelion, orchids, squash
47
Q
  • cluster of flowers
  • all flowers arising from the main stem axis or peduncle
  • flowers included in the inflorescence are called ______

3 types

A
  • florets
  1. single
  2. determine/cynose
  3. compound/synflorescence

INFLORESCENCE

48
Q
  • flowers are gathered in a
    single pattern

7 classifications

A
  1. SINGLE

a. raceme
b. spike
c. corymb
d. umbel
e. head or capitulum
f. spadix
g. catkin or ament

49
Q
  • florets are attached along a floral peduncle with stems similar in length
  • young florets appear above and old ones below
A

raceme

50
Q

similar to racemes but florets are attached directly to the floral peduncle, without stems

A

spike

51
Q

all the florets are arranged along a floral peduncle but stems have different lengths such a way that all the florets appear at the same flat round level

A

corymb

52
Q

florets arise from the same point of the peduncle

A

umbel

53
Q

florets bearing no stem are gathered together on a platform-shaped peduncle

A

head or capitulum

54
Q

spike of flowers densely arranged around it, enclosed or accompanied by a highly specialized bract called a

A
  • spathe

SPADIX

55
Q

scaly, drooping spike or raceme

A

catkin or ament

56
Q

first-formed flower develops from the growing region at the top of the flower stalk

  • apical tissues of the main stem and laterals lose their meristematic capacity and differentiate into flowers
  • New growth arises from continued cell division in the axillary meristems
  • Older flowers are usually found near the stem apex
A
  1. Determinate/Cymose
57
Q

when a complex pattern is made of another pattern

6 classifications

A
  1. Compound/Synflorescence
  • panicle
  • compound umbel
  • compound spike
  • compound capitulum
  • cymose corymb
  • thyrse
58
Q

formed by several racemes gathered together

A

panicle

59
Q

several umbels gathered together

A

compound umbel

60
Q
  • spike of spikelets
  • Sessile flowers (spikelets) are present on the branched main-axis of the
A

compound spikes

61
Q
  • assembles multiple flowers into a single, highly compressed structure
  • most advanced inflorescence
  • characteristic of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family
A

compound capitulum

62
Q
  • a cluster of flowers arranged on a stem
  • combines characteristics of corymbs and cymes
A

cymose corymb

(SLU) PHARMA 112: BOTANY LEC (14 decks)

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