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(SLU) PHARMA 112: BOTANY LEC > HISTORY OF BOTANY > Flashcards

HISTORY OF BOTANY Flashcards

1
Q

Natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy

A

Biology

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2
Q

what are the important principles of biology

A
  1. cells are the basic unit of life
  2. new species and inherited traits are the product of evolution.
  3. genes are the basic unit of heredity
  4. an organism regulates its internal environment to maintain a stable and constant condition.
  5. living organisms consume and transform energy
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3
Q

5 divisions of biology

A

botany
zoology
biochemistry
physiology
ecology

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4
Q
  • plant/vegetable kingdom
  • from greek word “botane”
A

botany

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5
Q

meaning of botane

A

pasture
grass
fodder

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6
Q

animal kingdom

A

zoology

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7
Q

examines the rudimentary chemistry of life

A

biochemistry

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8
Q

examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism

A

physiology

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9
Q

examines how various organisms interact and associate with their environment

A

ecology

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10
Q

8 people sa history of plants

A
  1. Rhizotomoi (root collectors)
  2. Theophrastus of Eresus (greek philosopher)
  3. Pedanius Dioscorides (greek physician)
  4. Pliny the Elder (Roman)
  5. Galen (Graeco-roman)
  6. Valerius Cordus
  7. Cesalpino (Italian botanist)
  8. Carolus Linnaeus (swedish)

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11
Q

gathered medicinal herbs and prepared them for the pharmacopola.

A

rhizotomoi (root collectors)

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12
Q

wrote 10 books on “History of Plants.”

A

theophrastus of eresus (greek philosopher)

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13
Q

wrote the book “De Materia Medica” which included a number of descriptions of medicinal plants.

A

pedanius dioscorides (greek physician)

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14
Q

wrote the book “Historia Naturalis.”

A

pliny the elder (roman)

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15
Q

coined the word Galenicals.

A

galen (graeco-roman)

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16
Q

wrote a pharmacopoeia of lasting importance, “Novum Dispensatorium.”

A

valerius cordus

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17
Q

“De Plantis”

A

cesalpino (italian botanist)

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18
Q
  • wrote the book, “Species Plantarium”
  • described binomial system of classification
A

carolus linnaeus (swedish)

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19
Q

departments of botany

A

plant morphology
plant embryology
plant physiology
taxonomy or systemic botany
plant economy
plant genetics
phytopathology
phytogeography
phytopaleontology
mycology
bryology
algology
economic or applied botany

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20
Q

parts or structure of plants

A

plant morphology

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21
Q

3 types of plant morphology

A

a. Macromorphology/Gross anatomy of plants
b. Micromorphology/plant histology
c. Plant cytology

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22
Q

deals w the external characters of plants and their parts organs.

A

Macromorphology/gross anatomy of plants

23
Q

considers the minute or microscopic structure of plants and plant tissues.

A

micromorphology/plant histology

24
Q

deals w the stages of growth, differentiation and development of plant body.

A

plant embryology

24
Q

deals w plant cells and their contents.

A

plant cytology

25
Q

deals w the study of the life processes or functions of plants (nutrition, growth, reproduction, metabolism, etc.).

A

plant physiology

26
Q

classification or arrangement of plants in groups in accordance with their relationships to one another.

A

taxonomy or systemic botany

27
Q

deals w plants and their parts in relation to their environment.

A

plant ecology

28
Q

deals w the coming into being of new individuals or races of plants.

A

plant genetics

29
Q

diseases of plants

A

phytopathology (plant pathology)

30
Q

distribution of plants upon the earth

A

phytogeography (plant geography)

31
Q

refers to the appearance of an individual plant in its entirety.

A

habit

32
Q

refers to where a plant grows in its environment.

A

habitat

33
Q

historical plants traceable in their fossil remains

A

phytopaleontology (geologic botany)

34
Q

botany of fungi

A

mycology

35
Q

botany of mosses and liverworts

A

bryology

36
Q

botany of algae

A

algology

37
Q

6 types of economic or applied botany

A

pharmaceutical botany
pharmacognosy
agronomy
horticulture
forestry
plant breeding

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38
Q

botany of drug, spice, dye, and poisonous plants

A

pharmaceutical botany

39
Q

history, commerce, selection, identification, valuation, and preservation of crude drugs.

A

pharmacognosy

40
Q

deals w crop plants

A

agronomy

41
Q

cultivation of garden or orchard plants

A

horticulture

42
Q

management of forests and of timber plants

A

forestry

43
Q

growing of improved races of plants

A

plant breeding

44
Q

HOW TO STUDY PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY?

A
  1. Morphology of plants
  2. Taxonomy
  3. Elementary physiology of plants
  4. Medicinal Applications
45
Q

importance of botany to man

A

food
oxygen
supply timber to homes, ships, furniture
clothing and paper
fuel from coal
spices and flavorings
oil and resins
insecticides
lessen pollution and cool environment
sources of drugs

46
Q

three facts about population:

A
  1. more offsprings are produced than can possibly survive
  2. traits vary among individuals, leading to differential rates of survival and reproduction
  3. trait differences are heritable
47
Q

first to formulate a scientific argument for the theory of evolution by means of natural selection

A

charles darwin

48
Q

A PRODUCT OF COSMIC, PLANETARY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES

A
  1. evolution of cosmos
  2. the prebiotic earth
  3. the early evolution of life
  4. evolution of advanced life
  5. the future
49
Q

development of RNA and DNA molecules

A

sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides

50
Q

most of life’s history involved the biochemical evolution of???

A

single-celled microorganisms

51
Q

oldest microbial communities often constructed layered mound-shaped deposits called

A

stromatolites

52
Q

structures suggest that those organisms sought light and were therefore photosynthetic

A

stromatolites

(SLU) PHARMA 112: BOTANY LEC (14 decks)

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