HISTORY OF BOTANY

Question 1

Natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy

Answer 1

Biology

Question 2

what are the important principles of biology

Answer 2

1. cells are the basic unit of life
2. new species and inherited traits are the product of evolution.
3. genes are the basic unit of heredity
4. an organism regulates its internal environment to maintain a stable and constant condition.
5. living organisms consume and transform energy

Question 3

5 divisions of biology

Answer 3

botany
zoology
biochemistry
physiology
ecology

Question 4

• plant/vegetable kingdom
• from greek word “botane”

Answer 4

botany

Question 5

meaning of botane

Answer 5

pasture
grass
fodder

Question 6

animal kingdom

Answer 6

zoology

Question 7

examines the rudimentary chemistry of life

Answer 7

biochemistry

Question 8

examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism

Answer 8

physiology

Question 9

examines how various organisms interact and associate with their environment

Answer 9

ecology

Question 10

8 people sa history of plants

Answer 10

1. Rhizotomoi (root collectors)
2. Theophrastus of Eresus (greek philosopher)
3. Pedanius Dioscorides (greek physician)
4. Pliny the Elder (Roman)
5. Galen (Graeco-roman)
6. Valerius Cordus
7. Cesalpino (Italian botanist)
8. Carolus Linnaeus (swedish)

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Question 11

gathered medicinal herbs and prepared them for the pharmacopola.

Answer 11

rhizotomoi (root collectors)

Question 12

wrote 10 books on “History of Plants.”

Answer 12

theophrastus of eresus (greek philosopher)

Question 13

wrote the book “De Materia Medica” which included a number of descriptions of medicinal plants.

Answer 13

pedanius dioscorides (greek physician)

Question 14

wrote the book “Historia Naturalis.”

Answer 14

pliny the elder (roman)

Question 15

coined the word Galenicals.

Answer 15

galen (graeco-roman)

Question 16

wrote a pharmacopoeia of lasting importance, “Novum Dispensatorium.”

Answer 16

valerius cordus

Question 17

“De Plantis”

Answer 17

cesalpino (italian botanist)

Question 18

• wrote the book, “Species Plantarium”
• described binomial system of classification

Answer 18

carolus linnaeus (swedish)

Question 19

departments of botany

Answer 19

plant morphology
plant embryology
plant physiology
taxonomy or systemic botany
plant economy
plant genetics
phytopathology
phytogeography
phytopaleontology
mycology
bryology
algology
economic or applied botany

Question 20

parts or structure of plants

Answer 20

plant morphology

Question 21

3 types of plant morphology

Answer 21

a. Macromorphology/Gross anatomy of plants
b. Micromorphology/plant histology
c. Plant cytology

Question 22

deals w the external characters of plants and their parts organs.

Answer 22

Macromorphology/gross anatomy of plants

Question 23

considers the minute or microscopic structure of plants and plant tissues.

Answer 23

micromorphology/plant histology

Question 24

deals w the stages of growth, differentiation and development of plant body.

Answer 24

plant embryology

Question 24

deals w plant cells and their contents.

Answer 24

plant cytology

Question 25

deals w the study of the life processes or functions of plants (nutrition, growth, reproduction, metabolism, etc.).

Answer 25

plant physiology

Question 26

classification or arrangement of plants in groups in accordance with their relationships to one another.

Answer 26

taxonomy or systemic botany

Question 27

deals w plants and their parts in relation to their environment.

Answer 27

plant ecology

Question 28

deals w the coming into being of new individuals or races of plants.

Answer 28

plant genetics

Question 29

diseases of plants

Answer 29

phytopathology (plant pathology)

Question 30

distribution of plants upon the earth

Answer 30

phytogeography (plant geography)

Question 31

refers to the appearance of an individual plant in its entirety.

Answer 31

habit

Question 32

refers to where a plant grows in its environment.

Answer 32

habitat

Question 33

historical plants traceable in their fossil remains

Answer 33

phytopaleontology (geologic botany)

Question 34

botany of fungi

Answer 34

mycology

Question 35

botany of mosses and liverworts

Answer 35

bryology

Question 36

botany of algae

Answer 36

algology

Question 37

6 types of economic or applied botany

Answer 37

pharmaceutical botany pharmacognosy agronomy horticulture forestry plant breeding ppahfp

Question 38

botany of drug, spice, dye, and poisonous plants

Answer 38

pharmaceutical botany

Question 39

history, commerce, selection, identification, valuation, and preservation of crude drugs.

Answer 39

pharmacognosy

Question 40

deals w crop plants

Answer 40

agronomy

Question 41

cultivation of garden or orchard plants

Answer 41

horticulture

Question 42

management of forests and of timber plants

Answer 42

forestry

Question 43

growing of improved races of plants

Answer 43

plant breeding

Question 44

HOW TO STUDY PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY?

Answer 44

1. Morphology of plants 2. Taxonomy 3. Elementary physiology of plants 4. Medicinal Applications

Question 45

importance of botany to man

Answer 45

food oxygen supply timber to homes, ships, furniture clothing and paper fuel from coal spices and flavorings oil and resins insecticides lessen pollution and cool environment sources of drugs

Question 46

three facts about population:

Answer 46

1. more offsprings are produced than can possibly survive 2. traits vary among individuals, leading to differential rates of survival and reproduction 3. trait differences are heritable

Question 47

first to formulate a scientific argument for the theory of evolution by means of natural selection

Answer 47

charles darwin

Question 48

A PRODUCT OF COSMIC, PLANETARY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Answer 48

1. evolution of cosmos 2. the prebiotic earth 3. the early evolution of life 4. evolution of advanced life 5. the future

Question 49

development of RNA and DNA molecules

Answer 49

sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides

Question 50

most of life’s history involved the biochemical evolution of???

Answer 50

single-celled microorganisms

Question 51

oldest microbial communities often constructed layered mound-shaped deposits called

Answer 51

stromatolites

Question 52

structures suggest that those organisms sought light and were therefore photosynthetic

Answer 52

stromatolites