Unit 2 - Cells Flashcards
- Composed of a complex mixture of inorganic and organic compounds
PHYSICAL PROPERTY
- Either a true solid or a true liquid:
- Heavier and denser than water
CHEMICAL PROPERTRY
- inorganic compound components: organic compound components
protoplasm
cell types
prokaryote
eukaryote
- They don’t have a membrane-bound nucleus and instead of having chromosomal DNA, their genetic information is in a circular loop called a ________.
- DNA in a prokaryotic cell is not separated from the rest of the cell but coiled up in a region called the _________
- Greek “____” - before and “_____” - nut
prokaryote
plasmid
nucleoid
pro
karyon
- serve as decomposers, agents of fermentation, and play an important role in our own digestive system
- involved in many nutrient cycles such as the ___________, which restores nitrate into the soil for plants.
- reproduce through a process called _________
- most cellular respiration occur in the _________ and/or within the cell membrane.
bacteria
nitrogen cycle
binary fission
cytoplasm
- Greek meaning truly nuclear
- an be easily distinguished through a membrane-bound nucleus. The nucleus, which houses DNA, is contained within a membrane and separated from other cellular structures
- Contain many internal membrane-bound structures called ___________
- These organelles such as the ____________ or __________ serve to perform metabolic functions and energy conversion.
- Other organelles like ______________ provide structural support and cellular motility.
eukaryote
organelles
mitochondrion, chloroplast
intracellular filaments
- Eukaryotes grow and reproduce through a process called ________
- In organisms that also reproduce sexually, the reproductive cells are produced by a type of cell division called ________
mitosis
meiosis
- Most prokaryotes reproduce through a process called ________
- During this, the single DNA molecule replicates and the original cell is divided into two
identical daughter cells. - Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms get the energy they need to grow and maintain normal cellular function
through _______________
binary fission
cellular respiration
three main stages of cellular respiration
glycolysis
citric acid cycle
electron transport
- In eukaryotes, most cellular respiration reactions take place within the
- In prokaryotes, they occur
in the _________ and/or within the cell membrane.
mitochondria
cytoplasm
life kingdoms
- monera
- protista
- fungi
- plantae
- animalia
- A thin semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell
- Function is to protect the integrity of the interior of the cell by allowing certain substances into
- serves as a base of attachment for the cytoskeleton in some organisms and the cell wall in others.
- Structure is primarily composed of a mix of ________ and _________.
cell membrane
proteins and lipids
- _________________ are a major component of cell membranes.
- They form a lipid bilayer in
which their hydrophillic (attracted to water) head areas spontaneously arrange to face the aqueous cytosol and the extracellular fluid, while their hydrophobic (repelled by water) tail areas face away from the cytosol and extracellular fluid.
The lipid bilayer is semi-permeable,
allowing only certain molecules to diffuse across the membrane
phospholipids
- ____________ is another lipid component of cell membranes.
It helps to stiffen cell
membranes and is not found in the membranes of plant cells. - ____________ are located on cell membrane surfaces and have a carbohydrate sugar chain attached to them.
They help the cell to recognize other cells of the body.
Cholesterol
Glycolipids
3 kinds of cell membrane
ectoplasm
vacuolar membrane
nuclear membrane
outer plasma membrane found as a transparent, colorless, outer bounding film of cytoplasm enveloping the granular, inner cytoplasm which is termed as the _______________.
ectoplasm
endoplasm
clear bounding films of cytoplasm surrounding sap vacuoles
vacuolar membrane
a clear, transparent film of protoplasm forming the outer bounding zone of nucleus.
nuclear membrane
cell membrane proteins
structural proteins
receptor proteins
transport proteins
glycoproteins
help give the cell support and shape.
structural protein
help cells communicate with their external environment through the use of hormones, neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules.
receptor protein
such as globular proteins, transport molecules across cell membranes through facilitated diffusion.
transport proteins
have a carbohydrate chain attached to them. They are embedded in the cell membrane and help in cell-to-cell communications and molecule transport across the membrane.
glycoproteins
embedded in the cytoplasm which are non-protoplasmic
inclusions
Clear in color and has a gel-like appearance.
composed mainly of water and also contains enzymes, salts, organelles, and various organic molecules.
move materials around the cell and also dissolves cellular waste.
cytoplasm