Vascular Surgery

Question 1

what are the 3 layers of an artery

Answer 1

intima
media
adventitia

Question 2

what is a true aneurysm

Answer 2

dilation (2xnL diameter) of all three layers of a vessel

Question 3

what is a false aneurysm (aka pseudoaneurysm)

Answer 3

dilation of an artery not involving all 3 layers (eg hematoma with fibrous covering)
often connects with vessel lumen and blood swirls inside the false aneurysm

Question 4

what is endovascular repair

Answer 4

placement of a catheter in an artery and then deployment of a graft intraluminally

Question 5

what is peripheral vascular disease

Answer 5

occlusive athlerosclerotic disease in the lower extremities

Question 6

what is the most common site of arterial atherosclerotic occlusion in the lower extremities

Answer 6

occlusion of superficial femoral artery in hunters canal

Question 7

what is intermittent claudication

Answer 7

pain cramping of one or both lower extremity usually calf muscle after walking a specific distance, then the pain/cramping is relieved after stopping for a specific amount of time while standing this pattern is reproducible

Question 8

what is a FEM-POP bypass.

Answer 8

bypass SFA with a graft from the Femoral artery to the popliteal artery

Question 9

What is FEM-Distal bypass

Answer 9

bypass from femoral artery to a distal artery (peroneal artery, anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery)

Question 10

What graft material has the longest patency rate

Answer 10

Autologous vein graft

Question 11

What is an in situ vein graft

Answer 11

saphenous vein is more or less left in place, all branches are ligated and the vein valves are broken with a small hook or cut out, a vein can also be used if reversed so that the valves do not create a problem

Question 12

what is a Ray amputation

Answer 12

removal of toe and head of metatarsal

Question 13

What is the most common cause of embolus from the heart

Answer 13

A Fib

Question 14

what is compartment syndrome

Answer 14

leg calf is separated into compartments by very unyielding fascia, tissue swelling from reperfusion can increase the intercompartmental pressure, resulting in decreased capillary flow, ischemia and myonecrosis. myonecrosis may occur after the intercompartment pressure reaches only 30mmHg

Question 15

where does the aorta bifurcate

Answer 15

t the level of the umbilicus, therefore when palpating for AAA palpate above the umbilicus and below the xiphoid process

Question 16

what is the leading cause of postoperative death in a patient undergoing elective AAA treatment

Answer 16

MI