Genitourinary Surgery Flashcards
series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ
Rugae
Smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two urethral orifices and the internal urethral orifice
Trigone
A breakdown product of creatine, which is an important part of muscle and is removed by the kidneys.
Creatinine
Congenital deformities, anterior urethra terminates on the under surface of the penis or above the clitoris. The point at which the urethra terminates varies; distal to penoscrotal. Interferes with urination, fertilization, psychological problems for juvenile especially.
Hypospadias
tightness of the prepuces of the penis that prevents the retraction of the foreskin over glans penis
Phimosis
childhood malignant neoplasm of the kidney which presents a firm, painless mass whose enlargement may laterally distend the abdomen
Wilm’s tumor
inflammation of the glans penis
Balanitis
tumor of the kidney, cells resemble those from the adrenal cortex
Hypernephroma
malignant tumor affecting the adrenal glands
Neuroblastoma
adrenal of hypothalamus dysfunction or metabolic disorder resulting in weight gain, edema, hyperglycemia, hyperplasia
Cushing’s disease
male- serous fluid collects, causing swelling near testes/spermatic cord
female- fluid accumulates in the tunica vaginalis
Hydrocele
testicle becomes twisted on the spermatic cord
torsion testicle
distention of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney from urinary retention
Hydronephrosis
blood in urine
Hematuria
measures the waste products of protein metabolism
Blood urine nitrogen (BUN)
removal of a stone or stones through the opening made in the renal pelvis
Pyelolithotomy
Usually the _____ kidney is several centimeters lower than the _____ because the liver rests superior and anterior to the _____ kidney.
A) Left; right; right
B) Right; left; right
C) Left; right; left
D) Right; left; left
B
Right; Left; Right
a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex
ACTH
A surgical incision that begins medial to the anterosuperior iliac spine and curves downward and medially, to slightly above the symphysis pubis; specifically designed for access to the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision
(anatomy) a depression or fissure where vessels or nerves or ducts enter a bodily organ, indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave
hilum
x-rays of the urinary tract taken after an iodine contrast medium is injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney and may reveal an obstruction, evidence of trauma, etc.
Intravenous urogram (IVU)
when major organs are harvested from cadaveric donor, why are the kidneys harvested last?
The kidneys are harvested last to preserve circulation as long as possible.
where is a donor kidney attached for an adult recipient? where is the donor kidney attached for a pediatric patient?
in adult donor kidney placed in the right pelvis; in pediatric patient kidney placed in midretroperitoneum posterior to colon.
after the final step the ureteroneocystostomy is completed what is placed and why
A ureteral stent is placed to maintain potency due to normal natural edema that occurs postop.
Incision used to access lower ureter & implant a donor kidney?
Gibson
What is often associated with crytochidism?
The disorder is commonly associated with premature birth and is often accompanied by an inguinal hernia. The testicle may be found in the abdomen or most commonly in the inguinal canal.
What will be removed and what incision is used in a simple orchiectomy? A radical orchiectomy? .
The testicle and epididymis will be removed through an anterolateral scrotal incision for a simple orchiectomy
previously retrograde pyelogram
Serves same purpose as IVU
Contrast medium must be injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because obstruction preventing antegrade process
Retrograde urogram
Systemic absorption of irrigating fluid into venous circulation
Abnormal fluid load on circulatory system
TURP syndrome
Ligation of the veins of the testes to reduce venous backflow into the internal spermatic veins
Most common in men between 15-25
Paniform plexus of spermatic cord becomes engorged, resembling “bag of worms”
Varicocelectomy
Reversal of Vasectomy
- Surgical reanastomosis of vas deferens to restore continuity after vasectomy
Vasovasostomy
Urethral meatus Is located on the top side of the penis.
Defect associated with extrophy of the bladder and other developmental defects of the pelvis and GU system
Most severe form of bladder extrophy
Epispadius
Kidney nerve supply
Kidney and nervous system communicate via Renal plexus. sympathetic nervous system will trigger vasoconstriction and reduce renal blood flow
1st warning sign kidney is not functioning
Presence of edema in lower extremities
Surgically created vascular access for patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Arteriovenous fistula (or AV shunt)
which type of fistula refers to leakage of urine into the vagina?
A. Ureterovaginal
B. Cystocele
C. Vesicovaginal
D. Rectovaginal
C. Vesicovaginal
A staghorn stone is one that lodges and continues to grow in the?
A. Renal calyx
B. Space of Retzius
C. Ureter
D. Renal Hilum
A. Renal calyx
which solution is used during a diagnostic cystoscopy?
A. Distilled water
B. Glycine
C. Mannitol
D. Sorbitol
A. Distilled water
A radical lymphadenectomy is performed to treat cancer of the?
A. Kidney
B. Stomach
C. Prostate
D. Testicles
D. Testicles
A transplanted kidney is placed into the
A. Retroperitoneal space
B. Flank area
C. Superior bladder area
D. Iliac fossa
D. Iliac fossa
The bladder is supported by the rectovesical fascia called
A. Monroe
B. Cline
C. Winslow
D. Denonvilliers
D. Denonvilliers
What is the surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux
A. Placement of a stent
B. Segmental cystectomy
C. Cutaneous ureterostomy
D. Ureteral reimplantation
D. Ureteral reimplantation
What is the fornix in the kidney region
A. edge of the minor calyces
B. refers to the hilum of the organ
C. inner layer of the renal capsule
D. apex of a renal pyramid
A. edge of the minor calyces
