Neurosurgery Flashcards
Which of the following diagnostic procedures utilizes a contrast medium, a computer, and x-ray technology to show differences between normal and abnormal tissue?
(a) echoencephalography
(b) evoked potential
(c) pneumoencephalography
(d) CT scan
(d) CT scan
A herniation of the brain and its coverings through a defect in the skill is:
(a) meningoencephalocele
(b) myelomeningocele
(c) encephaloma
(d) aneurysm
(a) meningoencephalocele
Bleeding that has occurred between the skill and the outer covering of the brain is a(n):
(a) epidural hematoma
(b) subdural hematoma
(c) intracerebral hemorrhage
(d) arteriovenous malformation
(a) epidural hematoma
Venous air embolism would be a surgical complication more likely to occur in patients having a(n):
(a) lumbar laminectomy for a ruptured disk
(b) repair of a meningocele with the patient in the prone position
(c) anterior cervical discectomy in the supine position
(d) posterior fossa craniotomy in the sitting position
(d) posterior fossa craniotomy in the sitting position
Which of the following positions would be most likely used for performing a lumbar laminectomy?
(a) fowler
(b) modified prone
(c) modified supine
(d) left lateral
(b) modified prone
Which of the following instruments would be considered contaminated during a craniotomy?
(a) craniotome used for burr holes in skull
(b) penfield dissector used to separate dura from the skull
(c) cushing forceps used in placement of traction sutures in the dura
(d) needle holder used when securing drape towels
(d) needle holder used when securing drape towels
During a craniotomy, the brain is protected with:
(a) cottonoid pledgets/patties
(b) 4x4 sponges
(c) laparotomy tapes
(d) telfa
(a) cottonoid pledgets/patties
All of the following procedures would usually require a craniotomy incision EXCEPT:
(a) intracranial clipping of an aneurysm
(b) transspenoidal hypophysectomy
(c) anteriovenous malformation repair
(d) excision of an acoustic neuroma
(b) transspenoidal hypophysectomy
Equipment used to emulsify and remove a benign tumor is a(n):
(a) cryosurgical unit
(b) ultrasonic aspirator
(c) midas rex/anspache with attachments
(d) craniotome
(b) ultrasonic aspirator
Hydrocephalus is treated by which surgical procedure?
(a) craniectomy
(b) laminectomy
(c) ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement
(d) cranioplasty
(c) ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement
A herniated nucleus pulposus is treated with which surgical procedure?
(a) craniectomy
(b) laminectomy
(c) ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement
(d) cordotomy
(b) laminectomy
Craniosynostosis is treated with which surgical procedure?
(a) craniectomy
(b) cordotomy
(c) ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement
(d) cranioplasty
(d) cranioplasty
craniosynostosis is a birth defect when one or more fissures close before brain is totally formed.
Stereotaxis provides:
(a) the location of a fixed point in space using geometric coordinates
(b) images of the vascular structures of the brain
(c) images of the outlines of the ventricles to assess for obstruction
(d) a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis
(a) the location of a fixed point in space using geometric coordinates
The meningeal layer located proximal to the brain tissue is the:
(a) pia mater
(b) subarachnoid
(c) dura mater
(d) arachnoid mater
(a) pia mater
Dura, arachnoid, subarachnoid, pia
Cranial Nerve X is the:
(a) trochlear
(b) olfactory
(c) vagus
(d) trigeminal
(c) vagus
What is the position of choice for supratentoral craniotomy?
(a) “beach chair”
(b) prone
(c) lateral
(d) dorsal recumbent
(d) dorsal recumbent
The hemostatic clips applied on the scalp following the skin incision are called ___ clips.
(a) Rolando
(b) Raney
(c) Penfield
(d) Mayfield
(b) Raney
The tissue encountered under the skin of the scalp is the:
(a) dura mater
(b) arachnoid space
(c) galea/aponeurosis
(d) periosteum
(c) galea/aponeurosis
A congenital defect in the vertebral canal without herniation of the meningeal tissues is referred to as a(n):
(a) meningocele
(b) spina bifida
(c) hydrocephalus
(d) arteriovenous malformation
(b) spina bifida
Shunts placed for the treatment of the hydrocephalus commonly drain into the:
(a) peritoneum and left atrium
(b) peritoneum and right atrium
(c) right or left atrium
(d) peritoneum or portal vein
(b) peritoneum and right atrium- goes into heart to be deoxygenated by lung
The procedure for the treatment of chronic pain which involves surgery on the nerve root is referred to as:
(a) rhizotomy
(b) cingulotomy
(c) kyphoplasty- glue, used on back
(d) neurolysis
(a) rhizotomy- nerve division to break up nerve impulse to brain.
Which of the following is a dye that should not be used to mark the skin prior to neurosurgical procedures?
(a) gentian violet- skin marker
(b) indigo carmine
(c) methylene blue
(d) brilliant green
(c) methylene blue- Should never be in the Neuro Room
The area of cerebral circulation where the basilar arteries feed into is referred to as the:
(a) circle of magendie
(b) circle of sylvius
(c) circle of willis
(d) circle of raney
(c) circle of willis
Dural traction sutures are secured with:;
(a) bulldogs
(b) allises
(c) oschners
(d) kellys/peans
(a) bulldogs
The medication used during transspenoidal hypophysectomy (up your nose with a rubber hose) to aid incisional hemostasis would be:
(a) lidocaine hydrochloride with ephedrine (ephedrine is pain reliever)
(b) dexamethasone
(c) lidocaine hydrochloride without epinephrine-
(d) cocaine hydrochloride
(d) cocaine hydrochloride
The tissue responsible for the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid is the:
(a) cerebellum
(b) pia mater
(c) choroid bodies/plexus
(d) subarachnoid space
(c) choroid bodies/plexus
The tissue/structure found in the sella turcica is the:
(a) corpus callosum
(b) fourth ventricle
(c) pituitary gland
(d) pineal gland
(c) pituitary gland
The meningeal layer space where bleeding most commonly occurs following trauma is the:
(a) epipial space
(b) subpial space
(c) subarachnoid space
(d) subdural space
(d) subdural space- arachnoids are very delicate
Identify F
cerebral aqueduct of sylvius
Identify
cerebrum
Identify
cerebellum
Identify
central sulcus
Identify
circle of willis
Identify
subarachnoid space
After CSF is formed in the lateral ventricles it flows into the third ventricle through the ______________________ into the fourth ventricle
aqueduct of sylvius
Tic douloureaux is a condition of unknown origin caused by the dysfunctional of the _____________ or ____________
5th cranial nerve
trigeminal facial nerve
Most neurological procedures are classified as a _____________: clean procedure
Class I
What is the Glasgow coma scale (GCS)?
GCS is an objective assessment of the level of consciousness after trauma
Which artery is associated with epidural hematomas?
Middle meningeal artery
What is the most common primary brain tumor in adults?
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
(Think: GBM Greatest Brain Malignancy)
What is a berry aneurysm
Saccular outpouching of vessels in the circle of Willis, usually at bifurcations