Orthopedic Surgery Flashcards by Terry Herring

a potts fracture is ?

fracture of the fibula near the ankle, often accompanied by a break in the medial malleolus of the tibia and/or rupture of the internal lateral ligament.

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colles fracture is?

a fracture of the distal radius that occurs at the epiphysis within 2.54 cm of the wrist joint.

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the 4 stages of bone healing?

hematoma formation, granulation/ callus formation, consolidation, remodeling.

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most common shoulder injury?

rotator cuff tears

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On this screw the threads are closer together?

cortical bone screw

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on this screw the threads are further apart and it maybe partially threaded?

cancellous bone screw

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when the AC joint is separated what procedure is used to repair it?

weaver-dunn procedure

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what is the most common repair for a rotator cuff tear?

bankhart

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what procedure is used when the subscapularis tendon is overlapped and tightened?

putti-platt procedure

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where does a subtrochanteric fracture occur?

below intertrochanteric line of the hip bone

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rapid hyperextension of the knee joint usually results in?

ACL injuries

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Lateral malleolar fractures are?

weber fractures

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another name for a bunion is?

hallux valgus

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what is subluxation?

is an incomplete or partial dislocation

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most common type of meniscal tear?

Bucket-handle tear

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what muscles comprise the rotator cuff?

infrasoinatus, teres minir, subscapularis, supraspinatus

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A joint with limited movement they allow and also by the shape of the articular surfaces, such as between the skull bones

Synarthrosis

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______ attach muscle to bone. _____ attach bone to bone.

Tendons, Ligaments

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What is an anchor screw?

Provides a means of placing a suture in the bone

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When the soft tissues of the shoulder fail due to injury or repeated stress, shoulder dislocation can occur, often requiring surgical treatment. What is the name given to the surgical procedure in which the glenoid rim is reattached to the joint capsule with a biosynthetic or anchoring device to prevent recurrent anterior dislocation?

Bankart

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What is a triple arthrodesis?

The fusion of the talocalcaneal, talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints

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Which bone is the largest found in the foot and is commonly called the heel?

Calcaneus

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Abduction

Moving a body part away from the midline?

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What is an acute, emergent condition of compression of neural and vascular structures, usually occurring in the upper and lower extremities following traumatic fractures?

compartmental syndrome

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A Bankart avulsion lesion involves which anatomical structure(s)?

labrum (cartilage)

Which bone is involved in a Colles' fracture?

Radius

What ligament of the knee keeps the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia and prevents hyperextension of the knee?

anterior cruciate

autografts for ACL repair

Patellar tendon, iliotibial band, and semitendinosus tendon

Commonly associated with falls (fracture)

Femoral neck fracture

malignant tumor of the bone

osteosarcoma

Baker's cysts are found in the:

popliteal fossa

The most frequent site of cartilage tears in the knee joint are at the:

medial meniscus

The most commonly fractured carpal bone is the:

Scaphoid

The Keller and McBride procedures are types of:

bunionectomy procedures

Identify

Charnley Retractor

Identify

Cobra Retractor

Which nerve can be injured during a lateral leg fasciotomy? A. Superficial peroneal B. Sciatic C. Tibial D. Femoral

A. Superficial peroneal

The most reliable tendon graft for primary reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament? A. Palmaris B. Achillies C. Patellar D. Plantaris

C. Patellar

Which nerve is affected by carpal tunnel syndrome A. Hypoglossal B. Radial C. Ulnar D. Median

D. Median

An injury to the long thoracic nerve could cause A. Clawhand B. Numb area on radial side on dorsum of hand C. Chronic lower back pain D. Winged scapula

D. Winged scapula

An injury to the ulnar nerve could cause A. Carpal tunnel syndrome B. Paralysis C. Claw hand D. Wrist drop

C. Claw hand

Which muscle is an important anatomical landmark in fractures of the forearm? A. Flexor pollicis longus muscle B. Flexor digitorum C. Pronator teres D. Supinator brevis

C. Pronator teres

Which fractures is caused by falling in the back of the hand with the wrist flexed, also called a reverse Colles' fracture? A. Smith's B. Barton C. Torus D. Pott's

A. Smith's

Which metacarpals is most commonly fractured when associated with a boxer's fracture? A. Fifth B. Fourth C. Third D. Second

A. Fifth

Which disorder is characterized by compression of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendon near the radial styloud process? A. Carpal tunnel B. De Quervain's C. Dupuytren's D. Trigger finger

B. De Quervain's

Which fracture is most commonly associated with a fat embolism? A. Femur B. Pelvic C. Ulna D. Radius

A. Femur

Which nerve is at risk for injury in a humerus shaft fracture? A. Ulnar B. Radial C. Median D. Brachial

B. Radial

What is a Monteggia fracture? A. Distal radius plus ulna B. Spiral fracture of the femoral shaft C. Fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with radial dislocation D. Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

C. Fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with radial dislocation

Under which structure is the nerve trapped in carpal tunnel syndrome? A. Scaphoid carpal bone B. Ulna ligament C. Transverse carpal ligament D. Radius

C. Transverse carpal ligament

Following an injury to the lower limb, your patient's knee is evaluated. His leg can easily be displaced anteriorly on a fixed thigh. This would indicate a torn: A. Posterior cruciate ligament B. Tibial (medial) collateral ligament C. Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament D. Anterior cruciate ligament

D. Anterior cruciate ligament

A laceration or avulsion of the extensor tendon at the proximal phalanx or proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is a: A. Mallet finger B. Drop finger C. Boutonniere deformity D. Swan-neck deformity

C. Boutonniere deformity

The distal tibia articulates with which structure: A. Femur B. Cuboid C. Talus D. Humerus

C. Talus

The patellar ligament is attached proximally to the patella and distally to which structure? A. Tibialis anterior B. Tibial tuberosity C. Medial malleolus D. Vastus medialis

B. Tibial tuberosity

Which tendon is located under the clavicle and is the site of most rotator cuff repairs A. Infraspinatus B. Supraspinatus C. Teres Minor D. Subscapularis

B. Supraspinatus

Which nerve is injured due to a shoulder dislocation A. Axillary B. Long thoracic C. Thoracodorsal D. Suprascapular

A. Axillary

Which structure may be used for replacement of the ligament during an ACL repair? A. Lateral collateral ligament B. Medial collateral ligament C. Quadriceps tendon D. Patellar tendon

C. Anterior screw completed first

What type of fractures ALWAYS need anticoagulation?

Pelvic Fractures

You have just been called in for orthopedic trauma. Knowing the types of bone fractures helps you choose the type of instrumentation needed for the repair. Working from left to right, label the fractures pictured in the following figure.

a. Open b. Closed c. Incomplete d. Complete f. Linear

Fracture of the distal metaphysis of the 5th metacarpal from a closed fist striking an object Most lied about fx From punch bare handed (when boxers used to punch bare hand); usually punching wall

Boxer Fracture

Tear in heel cord created by quick stop-and-go sports commonly misdxed as ankle sprain which can lead to weakness & impaired ambulation

Achilles Tendon Rupture

Where is the area of active bone growth?

epiphyseal plate

safe continuous tourniquet inflation time

lower extremity=1 1/2 hours; upper extremity=1 hour

Which tendon is the thickest and strongest in the body?

Achilles

Identify Use(s): Used for removing the femoral head from the joint during total hip arthroplasty. Description: Double ended with large or small curved spoons at each end. Instrument Insight: The size of the femoral head and the acetabulum will determine which end will be used .

MURPHY-LANE BONE SKID