Cardiac Surgery Flashcards
When a blood clot detaches and ends up in , clot (thrombus) or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
Pulmonary Embolism
Largest artery in the body
Aorta
Name the branches of the ascending aorta
Right and Left coronary arteries
The first branch of the abdominal aorta, it is a single vessel with 3 branches
Celiac Trunk
Where the veins draining from the head and arms empty into
Superior Vena Cava
The longest veins in the body (used for open heart surgery)
Great Saphenous Veins
Single vein that drains the thorax
Azygos Vein
What are coumadin and heparin used for?
To inhibit thrombus and clot formation.
What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine Sulfate
What are the three main cardiac electrolytes?
calcium, potassium, magnesium
What is the most common congenital heart defect?
ventricular septal defect
What is a patent ductus arteriosus?
physiologic right-to-left shunt in fetal circulation connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing fetal lungs
What is tetralogy of fallot?
pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta
VSD
What is cardiac tamponade?
Bleeding into the pericardial sac, resulting in constriction of the heart, decreasing inflow and resulting in decreased cardiac output (the pericardium does not stretch!)
Most common cause of mitral stenosis?
A. Congenital
B. Trauma
C. Rheumatic fever
D. Bacterial endocarditis
C
Rheumatic fever
