Vascular pathology Flashcards
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries
Chronic arterial change with loss of elasticity and narrowing of lumen
Assoc. with hypertension
How do animals develop Arteriosclerosis
Proliferative and degenerative changes in the intima (thickening) and media (smooth m. cell proliferation)
Intimal fibrosis
Older lesions develop thickened superficial plaques of layers of elastic tissue and collagen
Arteriosclerosis is common in ….
Domestic animals with ↑ age
Atherosclerosis
Fibrofatty intimal plaques
Endothelial injury associated with hyperlipidemia
Common in rabbits, chickens and pigs
Risk factos for atherosclerosis
Hypertension, smoking, obesity, inactivity, diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism
(DM and H most assoc. in dogs)
What is common with Atherosclerosis?
Medial calcification
Foam cells
Lipid-laden macrophages or myocytes
Verminous arteritis
Ichemic infarctions in diffrent arteries caused by parasites
Verminous arteritis in horses
Strongylus vulgaris larvae migration - cranial mesenteric artery
Can cause saddle thrombosis
Verminous arteritis in dogs
Spricocera lupi larvae migration- thoracic aorta
Dirofilaria immitis- pulmonary artery
Angiostrongylus vasorum- pulmonary artery (foxes too)
Spirocera lupi aortic granuloma
Aorta and GI parasite in dogs
Produces lesions in the esophagus
Causes neoplastic transformation → causing fibrosarcoma and osteosarcoma
What does dirafilariasis (heartworms) cause
Causes endarteritis of the pulmonary artery
Fibrous and villous proliferation of intima
Small plaque like lesions + microfilaria
Verminous arteritis in a cat
With cardiomyopathy → thrombosis in the left atrium breaks off (then emboli) → hindlimb ataxia/ paralysis
Bacterial induced vasculitis
Catheterization-associated phlebitis
Caused by omphalophlebitis in neonates, edema disease and heartwater disease
Omphalophlebitis in neonates
Navel ill- inflammation/ infection of the umbilical vein
Caused by E. coli and Actinobacillus equuli
What is secondary to navel ill?
Sepsis aka Joint ill
Edema disease
Caused by Shigatoxin producing E. coli
Causes endothelial swelling and small vessel fibrinoid necrosis
Heartwater disease
Cowdrosis
E. (cowdris) ruminatum- Rickettsial organism
Foreign animal disease
What causes viral induced vasculitis
Equine viral arteritis (Arterivirus)
Classical swine fever (Hog cholera/ Pestiviris)
Malignant catarrhal fever (ovine herpesvirus 2)
African horse sickness (orbivirus )
Equine viral arteritis (arteritis)
Panvasculitis
Widespread edema (in ventral limbs)
Classical swine fever (Pertivirus/ hog cholera)
Thickening of fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles
SQ hemorrhage, splenic infarcts, button ulcers
Malignant catarrhal fever (ovine herpesvirus 2)
Lymphocytic vasculitis and perivasculitis
African horse sickness (orbivirus)
Endothelial loss and degeneration and microthrombosis
Widespread and pulmonary edema
Cardiac ecchymoses
Polyarteritis nodosa
Rats
Unknown cause = dilatation and thickening of muscular arteries (mesenteric)
Idiopathic necrotizing polyarteritis
Beagle Pain syndrome
Coronary and meningeal arteries affected
Similar to polyarteritis nodosa
Lymphangiectasia
Idiopathic, obstruction
Protein-losing enteripathy common with Johne’s disease
Chylothorax
Ruptured thoracic duct
Idiopathic, trauma
Cats and dogs
Causes of edema
↑ hydrostatic pressure (passive congestion, hypertension)
↓ oncotic pressure
Lymphatic obstruction
Inflammation
Vasculopathies
