Endocardial pathology Flashcards
Valvular diseases
Endocarditis
Endocardiosis
Ruptured chordae tendinae
Valvular Endocarditis
Bacterial infection (septic)
Mitral valve (left) affected in most species except CATTLE (tricuspid)
Causes thrombi/ clotting on heart
What bacteria in farm animals causes valvular endocarditis
Cattle: Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Pig: Strept. suis and E. rhusipathiae
Horse: Strept. equi, actinobacillus equi, E. coli
Lambs: Streptococcus spp.
What bacteria causes valvular endocarditis in dogs and cats
Dogs: strept. spp, Staph. aureus, E. coli
Cats: Bartonella spp., Strept. spp
If the thrombi from valvular endocarditis was spread through the blood supply from the MITRAL (left) valve, What organs could be affected?
Kidney
Spleen
How is the kidney affected by valvular endocarditis (thrombi)
Renal infarction: tissue loss/ depression, ↓ in size (numerical atropy), necrosis
Arcuate artery infarct
How is the spleen affected by valvular endocarditis (thrombi)
Infarcted → reticular fibers hold RBCs → fibers die and RBCs released → raised nodules
If the thrombi from valvular endocarditis was spread to the blood supply from the tricuspid (right) valve, What organs could be affected?
Lung (causing abscess in the lungs, pulmonary artery infarct)
What are the effects of valvular endocarditis?
Insufficiency or stenosis → heart failure (depends on the valve which side)
How does aortic valvular thrombus lead to myocardial infarction?
Thrombi broken off from the aorta → coronary artery → with bacteria, thrombi goes to the myocardium via blood supply
Pulmonic and aortic non-septic valvular endocarditis and left atrial ulceration
Entity of renal failure in dogs
Associated with uremia
Valvular endocardiosis
Age-associated and small dogs (heart failure)
Mitral (left) valve thickened
Small breed dogs predipsosed to mitral insufficiency `
Which dogs breed is endocardiosis inherited in?
Daschunds and Cavalier king charles spaniels
Ruptured chordae tendinae
Spontaenous
Associated with blunt trauma
Causes acute heart failure
What causes endocardial calcification
Vitamin D intoxication
Excessive calcium supplementation
Hyperparathyroidism
Renal dysfunction
Johne’s disease in cattle (aortic)
What plants cause vitamin D intoxication
Solanum malacoxylon
Cestrum diurnum
Trisetum flavescens
What is used to stain calcium?
Von Kossa special, alizarin Red and H &E stain
_______ and _______ are depostited into tissues during endocardial calcification
Calcium and phosphorus
Endocardial Fibroelastosis
Sequela to preexisting heart disease
Left ventricle and atrium most infected- thickening
Which species is endocardial fibroelastosis inherited in?
Cats- Burmese and Siamese breeds
Thrombus characteristics
Dry, friable, granular, rough, white
Attached to vessel wall
Composed of platelets
Formed in living animal
Postmortem clot characteristics
Moist, jelly, smooth, glistening, red or yellow
Composed of fibrin
formed in dead animal
Antemortem clots
Thrombus (incorporated into wall of tissue) →Lines of Zahn
Post mortem clots
Currant Jelly clot
Chicken fat clot
