Endocardial pathology

Question 1

Valvular diseases

Answer 1

Endocarditis
Endocardiosis
Ruptured chordae tendinae

Question 2

Valvular Endocarditis

Answer 2

Bacterial infection (septic)
Mitral valve (left) affected in most species except CATTLE (tricuspid)
Causes thrombi/ clotting on heart

Question 3

What bacteria in farm animals causes valvular endocarditis

Answer 3

Cattle: Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Pig: Strept. suis and E. rhusipathiae
Horse: Strept. equi, actinobacillus equi, E. coli
Lambs: Streptococcus spp.

Question 4

What bacteria causes valvular endocarditis in dogs and cats

Answer 4

Dogs: strept. spp, Staph. aureus, E. coli
Cats: Bartonella spp., Strept. spp

Question 5

If the thrombi from valvular endocarditis was spread through the blood supply from the MITRAL (left) valve, What organs could be affected?

Answer 5

Kidney
Spleen

Question 6

How is the kidney affected by valvular endocarditis (thrombi)

Answer 6

Renal infarction: tissue loss/ depression, ↓ in size (numerical atropy), necrosis
Arcuate artery infarct

Question 7

How is the spleen affected by valvular endocarditis (thrombi)

Answer 7

Infarcted → reticular fibers hold RBCs → fibers die and RBCs released → raised nodules

Question 8

If the thrombi from valvular endocarditis was spread to the blood supply from the tricuspid (right) valve, What organs could be affected?

Answer 8

Lung (causing abscess in the lungs, pulmonary artery infarct)

Question 9

What are the effects of valvular endocarditis?

Answer 9

Insufficiency or stenosis → heart failure (depends on the valve which side)

Question 10

How does aortic valvular thrombus lead to myocardial infarction?

Answer 10

Thrombi broken off from the aorta → coronary artery → with bacteria, thrombi goes to the myocardium via blood supply

Question 11

Pulmonic and aortic non-septic valvular endocarditis and left atrial ulceration

Answer 11

Entity of renal failure in dogs
Associated with uremia

Question 12

Valvular endocardiosis

Answer 12

Age-associated and small dogs (heart failure)
Mitral (left) valve thickened
Small breed dogs predipsosed to mitral insufficiency `

Question 13

Which dogs breed is endocardiosis inherited in?

Answer 13

Daschunds and Cavalier king charles spaniels

Question 14

Ruptured chordae tendinae

Answer 14

Spontaenous
Associated with blunt trauma
Causes acute heart failure

Question 15

What causes endocardial calcification

Answer 15

Vitamin D intoxication
Excessive calcium supplementation
Hyperparathyroidism
Renal dysfunction
Johne’s disease in cattle (aortic)

Question 16

What plants cause vitamin D intoxication

Answer 16

Solanum malacoxylon
Cestrum diurnum
Trisetum flavescens

Question 17

What is used to stain calcium?

Answer 17

Von Kossa special, alizarin Red and H &E stain

Question 18

_______ and _______ are depostited into tissues during endocardial calcification

Answer 18

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 19

Endocardial Fibroelastosis

Answer 19

Sequela to preexisting heart disease
Left ventricle and atrium most infected- thickening

Question 20

Which species is endocardial fibroelastosis inherited in?

Answer 20

Cats- Burmese and Siamese breeds

Question 21

Thrombus characteristics

Answer 21

Dry, friable, granular, rough, white
Attached to vessel wall
Composed of platelets
Formed in living animal

Question 22

Postmortem clot characteristics

Answer 22

Moist, jelly, smooth, glistening, red or yellow
Composed of fibrin
formed in dead animal

Question 23

Antemortem clots

Answer 23

Thrombus (incorporated into wall of tissue) →Lines of Zahn

Question 24

Post mortem clots

Answer 24

Currant Jelly clot
Chicken fat clot