Neoplasia Flashcards
Neoplasia/ Neoplasm
Mass of cells composing a new growth
Growth rate exceeds and uncoordinated with normal tissue
No useful purpose
Anaplasia
Neoplasm composed of less differentiated/ immature cells
Components of all tumors
Parenchyma and stroma
Parenchyma
Transformed or neoplastic cells (tumor cells)
Epithelial, mesenchymal (not epithelial) and round (WBC) cells
Stroma
Supports the neoplastic cells
Made of CT, BVs and lymphatics
Carries blood supply and framework
Benign Neoplasm
Well-differentiated
Doesn’t metastasize
Non-life threatening (location)
Grows slowly
Malignant neoplasm
Potential to metastasize
Poorly-differentiated
Grows rapidly, breached BM
Causes death of host
Nomenclature of benign tumors
Add “oma” to cell type it comes from
Ex: fibrous tissue → fibroma
Adenoma
Benign epithelial neoplasms producing gland patterns or derived from glandular cells
Ex: Anal sac adenoma, apocrine cystadenoma
Papilloma
Benign epithelial neoplasms growing on any surface and produces finger like projections
Polyp
Neoplasm that projects above the mucosal surface
Malignant neoplasms in mesenchymal tissue are called ________________
Sarcomas
Ex: Fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma
Malignant neoplasms arising in the epithelial tissue are called ________________
Carcinomas
Ex: Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma
Benign or malignant tumorsare usually _______
Monoclonal (derived from one cell)
cells resemble each other
Mixed tumors can develop
Teratomas
Tumors from totipotent cells (gonads)
Composed of cells of all 3 germ layers
Melanoma
Malignant tumor of melanocytes
Melanocytoma
Benign tumor of melanocytes
Seminomas
Carcinomas of testicular germ cell origin
Hepatoma
Hepatocellular carcinomas
T/F: Lymphoma and lymphosarcoma are the same
TRUE
no benign lymphocyte tumor
Choristoma
Normal cells in an abnormal location
Hamartoma
Disorganized, anomalous cells in normal location
Factors affecting cell growth
Blood supply
Hormones
Enzymes/ products secreted by tumor cells (VEGF, MMP)
The length of the cell cycle is usually ________ in neoplastic cells than normal cells
Shorter
Growth fraction
Proportion of neoplastic cells active in cell cycle (G1→M)
% of cells actively dividing at a certain time
Well- differentiated neoplasms
More cells in the resting phase (G0) = less growth fraction
Poorly differentiated neoplasms
More cells in the cell cycle = higher growth factor
Growth fraction and effect on chemotherapy
Rapidly dividing tumors are more susceptible to chemo → work in S or M phase
Growth rate is determined primarily by __________
Rate of cell loss
Mechanisms of cell loss
Lack of blood supply (ischemia → necrosis)
Immunologic attack
Cell differentiation and aging (apoptosis)
How is cancer detected?
Transformed cell produces a detectable tumor after 30 doublings (1 g mass of 10^9 cells)
What does 40 doublings mean?
Mass is incompatible with life (1 kg)- certain visceral organs
