Neoplasia

Question 1

Neoplasia/ Neoplasm

Answer 1

Mass of cells composing a new growth
Growth rate exceeds and uncoordinated with normal tissue
No useful purpose

Question 2

Anaplasia

Answer 2

Neoplasm composed of less differentiated/ immature cells

Question 3

Components of all tumors

Answer 3

Parenchyma and stroma

Question 4

Parenchyma

Answer 4

Transformed or neoplastic cells (tumor cells)
Epithelial, mesenchymal (not epithelial) and round (WBC) cells

Question 5

Stroma

Answer 5

Supports the neoplastic cells
Made of CT, BVs and lymphatics
Carries blood supply and framework

Question 6

Benign Neoplasm

Answer 6

Well-differentiated
Doesn’t metastasize
Non-life threatening (location)
Grows slowly

Question 7

Malignant neoplasm

Answer 7

Potential to metastasize
Poorly-differentiated
Grows rapidly, breached BM
Causes death of host

Question 8

Nomenclature of benign tumors

Answer 8

Add “oma” to cell type it comes from
Ex: fibrous tissue → fibroma

Question 9

Adenoma

Answer 9

Benign epithelial neoplasms producing gland patterns or derived from glandular cells
Ex: Anal sac adenoma, apocrine cystadenoma

Question 10

Papilloma

Answer 10

Benign epithelial neoplasms growing on any surface and produces finger like projections

Question 11

Polyp

Answer 11

Neoplasm that projects above the mucosal surface

Question 12

Malignant neoplasms in mesenchymal tissue are called ________________

Answer 12

Sarcomas
Ex: Fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma

Question 13

Malignant neoplasms arising in the epithelial tissue are called ________________

Answer 13

Carcinomas
Ex: Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma

Question 14

Benign or malignant tumorsare usually _______

Answer 14

Monoclonal (derived from one cell)
cells resemble each other
Mixed tumors can develop

Question 15

Teratomas

Answer 15

Tumors from totipotent cells (gonads)
Composed of cells of all 3 germ layers

Question 16

Melanoma

Answer 16

Malignant tumor of melanocytes

Question 17

Melanocytoma

Answer 17

Benign tumor of melanocytes

Question 18

Seminomas

Answer 18

Carcinomas of testicular germ cell origin

Question 19

Hepatoma

Answer 19

Hepatocellular carcinomas

Question 20

T/F: Lymphoma and lymphosarcoma are the same

Answer 20

TRUE
no benign lymphocyte tumor

Question 21

Choristoma

Answer 21

Normal cells in an abnormal location

Question 22

Hamartoma

Answer 22

Disorganized, anomalous cells in normal location

Question 23

Factors affecting cell growth

Answer 23

Blood supply
Hormones
Enzymes/ products secreted by tumor cells (VEGF, MMP)

Question 24

The length of the cell cycle is usually ________ in neoplastic cells than normal cells

Answer 24

Shorter

Question 25

Growth fraction

Answer 25

Proportion of neoplastic cells active in cell cycle (G1→M)
% of cells actively dividing at a certain time

Question 26

Well- differentiated neoplasms

Answer 26

More cells in the resting phase (G0) = less growth fraction

Question 27

Poorly differentiated neoplasms

Answer 27

More cells in the cell cycle = higher growth factor

Question 28

Growth fraction and effect on chemotherapy

Answer 28

Rapidly dividing tumors are more susceptible to chemo → work in S or M phase

Question 29

Growth rate is determined primarily by __________

Answer 29

Rate of cell loss

Question 30

Mechanisms of cell loss

Answer 30

Lack of blood supply (ischemia → necrosis)
Immunologic attack
Cell differentiation and aging (apoptosis)

Question 31

How is cancer detected?

Answer 31

Transformed cell produces a detectable tumor after 30 doublings (1 g mass of 10^9 cells)

Question 32

What does 40 doublings mean?

Answer 32

Mass is incompatible with life (1 kg)- certain visceral organs