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Clinical Sciences > Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Peripheral Vascular Disease

A

a disease that affects the vascular system (arteries, veins, lymph)

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2
Q

PVD Risk Factors

A 
obesity
increased blood pressure
family history
kidney disease
DM
over the age of 50
Poor Diet 
Lack of exercise 
Smoking 
Drug Use
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3
Q

Functional PVD

A

no defects in the blood vessel structure
usually brief in effects
no organic cause
narrowing

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4
Q

What can functional PVD be attributed to:

A

Emotional Stress
Cold temperatures
Medications
Work-related activities (vibration or heavy tool use)

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5
Q

Organic PVD

A

Caused by structural changes to the blood vessels

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6
Q

What can organic PVD be attributed to:

A

smoking
DM
High blood pressure
High cholesterol

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7
Q

What is the primary presentation of functional PVD

A

Raynaud’s Disease

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8
Q

Types of Organic PVD

A 
Peripheral Artery Disease (common) 
Atherosclerosis 
DVT 
Varicose veins 
Thrombophlebitis 
Lymphedema
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9
Q

Ankle Brachial Index

A

commonly used to diagnose PVD

compares blood pressure in the ankle to the blood pressure in your arm

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10
Q

Doppler ultrasound

A

identify blocked arteries

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11
Q

Angiography

A

MRA (magnetic resonance)

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12
Q

MRA includes the use of:

A

magnetic field imaging

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13
Q

CTA includes the use of:

A

X rays for assessments

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14
Q

PVD complications

A

poor wound healing
ulceration
risk of amputation

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15
Q

Treatment for PVD

A

cessation of smoking
lower blood pressure
lowering cholesterol
diet and exercise

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16
Q

Peripheral Artery Disease

A

build-up of plaque in the peripheral arteries

plaque consists of fat, cholesterol, and fibrous tissue

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17
Q

Arterial Ulcers

A 
intermittent claudication of pain 
no edema 
no pulse or weak pulse, no drainage 
round smooth sores 
black eschar
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18
Q

Venous Ulcers

A 
Dull, Achy pain 
lower leg edema 
pulse present drainage 
sores with irregular borders 
yellow slough or Ruddy Skin
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19
Q

Risk factors for developing PAD

A 
atherosclerosis 
smoking 
poor diet 
high blood pressure 
increased blood sugar levels 
Age
20
Q

what is the most common cause of PAD

A

atherosclerosis

21
Q

PAD increases the risk of developing:

A

coronary heart disease
Myocardial infarction
cerebrovascular accident
transient ischemic attack

22
Q

Transient ischemic attack

A

mini stroke

before any permanent damage is done

23
Q

Clinical Presentations of PAD

A 
pain 
numbness
cramping 
color changes 
shiny skin 
weakened distal post
24
Q

Intermittent Claudication

A

occurs during physical activity due to increased blood flow required by muscles

25
Q

How often does intermittent claudication occur in PAD patients

A

10% of the time

26
Q

Symptoms of intermittent claudication

A

pain or cramping in: butt, thighs, calves, feet

27
Q

How to diagnose PAD

A

Doppler ultrasound, ABI, Angiography, Blood tests

28
Q

angioplasty (PAD treatment)

A

restore blood flow

catheter with balloon is placed

stent may be placed to keep artery open

29
Q

Atherectomy (PAD Treatment)

A

small cutting device placed into the blood artery with a catheter to remove plaque buildup

30
Q

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

A

results due to spasms in the small arteries

31
Q

Where is Raynaud’s most common

A

hands

32
Q

Primary Raynaud’s

A

not related to an associated medical condition

common

33
Q

Secondary Raynaud’s

A

due to underlying medical issue
age of 40
lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma

34
Q

Raynaud Risk Factors

A 
climate 
age 
substance exposure 
family history 
sex 
occupation
35
Q

Raynaud Symptoms

A 
decreased temperature 
numbness 
tingling 
skin color change 
stinging upon warmth 
ulcers in severe cases
36
Q

Stage 1 Raynaud

A

area turns white due to lack of blood flow

37
Q

Stage 2 Raynaud

A

Are turns blue due to lack of oxygen

38
Q

Stage 3 Raynaud

A

area turns red as blood returns

39
Q

Raynaud Intervention

A

reduction of tissue damage
addressing the underlying medical condition
minimizing the severity and number of attacks

40
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

dilates the small blood vessels

pill form

41
Q

Vasodilators

A

dilates blood vessels (relax)

topical or pill

42
Q

Nerve injections

A

injection of botox to block sympathetic nerves in the affected area

43
Q

Surgical Innervations

A

nerve cutting to interrupt exaggerated response to stimuli

sympathectomy is performed using small incision

44
Q

Buerger’s Disease

A

Thrombaugiitis obliteraus

45
Q

Risk Factors Buerger

A

smoking (almost everyone diagnosed uses tobacco)

age (young/middle age male)

46
Q

Buerger Disease Clinical Presentation

A

intermittent claudication progressing to pain while resting

decreased capillary and venous refilling time

change in skin color

47
Q

Buerger Intervention

A

Smoking cessation

medication to dilate blood vessels and dissolve clots

amputation if infection or gangrene develops

Clinical Sciences (12 decks)

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