Cerebral Palsy Flashcards
How many children does CP affect
~1.5 to 4 out of every 1,000 children worldwide
What causes most of cerebral palsy
85-90% are due to congenital problems
- placenta detachment
- uterine rupture
- disrupted oxygen supply
Acquired CP infection
meningitis or encephalitis
Acquired CP Traumatic Brain Injury
MVA or child abuse
Acquired CP Reduced blood flow to brain
CVA, malformed blood vessels, or heart defect
Four types of CP
spastic, ataxic, athetoid, mixed
Spastic CP
most common 70-80% of diagnosed cases hypertonia spasticity joint stiffness damage to the cerebral cortex
Spastic Hemiplegia
25%
Stroke, IVH, hemorrhage, premature babies
Spastic Diplegia
35%
most common form
paraventricular death of parts of brain
Spastic Quadriplegia
20%
paraventricular death of parts of brain
Ataxic CP
occurs in 10% of diagnosed cases difficulty with balance poor muscle coordination cognitive functioning impairment hypotonia damage to cerebellum
Athetoid CP
dyskinetic 5% of cerebral palsy diagnoses hypo and hypertonia combination postural impairments motor functioning difficulties poor/uncontrolled movements damage to basal ganlia
Mixed
combination of 2 or more CP types
damage occurs in multiple areas of brain
Diagnostic Techniques
MRI: effective
Cranial Ultrasound: preferred (not best imaging)
CT Scan
Electroencephalogram EEG
How many kids with CP have epilepsy
41%
Gross Motor Function Classification
developed by CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research
GMFCS Level 1
Children walk at home and in the community
Climb stairs without the use of a railing
speed, balance, and coordination are limited
GMFCS Level 2
Children walk in most settings and hold on railing
Difficulty walking long distances and balancing on uneven terrain
Only minimal ability to perform gross motor skills such as running and jumping
GMFCS Level 3
Children walk using a hand-held mobility device in most indoor settings
May use wheeled mobility when traveling long distances and may self-propel for shorter distances
GMFCS Level 4
Children use methods of mobility that require physical assistance in most settings
May walk short distances
GMFCS Level 5
Transported in a manual wheelchair in all settings
Limited in their ability to maintain antigravity head and trunk postures and control leg and arm movements
MACS
Used to know the child’s ability to handle objects in important daily activities
In which situation is the child independent and to what extent do they need support and adaptation
Children 4-18
Communication function classification system
based on the effectiveness of communication and incorporates the familiarity of person to person communication
Level 1: CFCS
effective communication with unfamiliar and familiar partners
Level 2: CFCS
effective, but slower-paced sender and/or receiver with unfamiliar and familiar partners
Level 3: CFCS
effective sender and effective receiver with familiar partners
Level 4: CFCS
inconsistent sender and/or receiver with familiar partners
Level 5: CFCS
seldom effective sender and receiver with familiar partners
Nonorthotic intervention
pharmacological treatment physical therapy occupational therapy hippotherapy muscle lengthening tendon lengthening assistive devices wheelchair
Lower Limb Orthotics
Foot orthoses SMOs AFOs FRAFOs Positional AFOs Decontracture orthoses
Upper Limb Orthotics
hand, wrist, and elbow static positioning orthoses can help to decrease contractures
often are custom-fit
hypo- and hypertonia
