Cerebral Palsy

Question 1

How many children does CP affect

Answer 1

~1.5 to 4 out of every 1,000 children worldwide

Question 2

What causes most of cerebral palsy

Answer 2

85-90% are due to congenital problems

• placenta detachment
• uterine rupture
• disrupted oxygen supply

Question 3

Acquired CP infection

Answer 3

meningitis or encephalitis

Question 4

Acquired CP Traumatic Brain Injury

Answer 4

MVA or child abuse

Question 5

Acquired CP Reduced blood flow to brain

Answer 5

CVA, malformed blood vessels, or heart defect

Question 6

Four types of CP

Answer 6

spastic, ataxic, athetoid, mixed

Question 7

Spastic CP

Answer 7

most common 
70-80% of diagnosed cases 
hypertonia 
spasticity 
joint stiffness 
damage to the cerebral cortex

Question 8

Spastic Hemiplegia

Answer 8

25%

Stroke, IVH, hemorrhage, premature babies

Question 9

Spastic Diplegia

Answer 9

35%
most common form
paraventricular death of parts of brain

Question 10

Spastic Quadriplegia

Answer 10

20%

paraventricular death of parts of brain

Question 11

Ataxic CP

Answer 11

occurs in 10% of diagnosed cases 
difficulty with balance 
poor muscle coordination 
cognitive functioning impairment 
hypotonia 
damage to cerebellum

Question 12

Athetoid CP

Answer 12

dyskinetic 
5% of cerebral palsy diagnoses 
hypo and hypertonia combination 
postural impairments 
motor functioning difficulties 
poor/uncontrolled movements 
damage to basal ganlia

Question 13

Mixed

Answer 13

combination of 2 or more CP types

damage occurs in multiple areas of brain

Question 14

Diagnostic Techniques

Answer 14

MRI: effective
Cranial Ultrasound: preferred (not best imaging)
CT Scan
Electroencephalogram EEG

Question 15

How many kids with CP have epilepsy

Answer 15

41%

Question 16

Gross Motor Function Classification

Answer 16

developed by CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research

Question 17

GMFCS Level 1

Answer 17

Children walk at home and in the community
Climb stairs without the use of a railing
speed, balance, and coordination are limited

Question 18

GMFCS Level 2

Answer 18

Children walk in most settings and hold on railing
Difficulty walking long distances and balancing on uneven terrain
Only minimal ability to perform gross motor skills such as running and jumping

Question 19

GMFCS Level 3

Answer 19

Children walk using a hand-held mobility device in most indoor settings
May use wheeled mobility when traveling long distances and may self-propel for shorter distances

Question 20

GMFCS Level 4

Answer 20

Children use methods of mobility that require physical assistance in most settings
May walk short distances

Question 21

GMFCS Level 5

Answer 21

Transported in a manual wheelchair in all settings

Limited in their ability to maintain antigravity head and trunk postures and control leg and arm movements

Question 22

MACS

Answer 22

Used to know the child’s ability to handle objects in important daily activities

In which situation is the child independent and to what extent do they need support and adaptation

Children 4-18

Question 23

Communication function classification system

Answer 23

based on the effectiveness of communication and incorporates the familiarity of person to person communication

Question 24

Level 1: CFCS

Answer 24

effective communication with unfamiliar and familiar partners

Question 25

Level 2: CFCS

Answer 25

effective, but slower-paced sender and/or receiver with unfamiliar and familiar partners

Question 26

Level 3: CFCS

Answer 26

effective sender and effective receiver with familiar partners

Question 27

Level 4: CFCS

Answer 27

inconsistent sender and/or receiver with familiar partners

Question 28

Level 5: CFCS

Answer 28

seldom effective sender and receiver with familiar partners

Question 29

Nonorthotic intervention

Answer 29

pharmacological treatment 
physical therapy 
occupational therapy 
hippotherapy 
muscle lengthening 
tendon lengthening 
assistive devices 
wheelchair

Question 30

Lower Limb Orthotics

Answer 30

Foot orthoses 
SMOs
AFOs
FRAFOs 
Positional AFOs 
Decontracture orthoses

Question 31

Upper Limb Orthotics

Answer 31

hand, wrist, and elbow static positioning orthoses can help to decrease contractures

often are custom-fit

hypo- and hypertonia