Anti-spasticity and Muscle Relaxants

Question 1

Spasticity

Answer 1

hypertonia with resistance to externally imposed movement that increases with increasing speed and varies with the direction of joint movement and/or is above a threshold speed or angle

Question 2

Adverse drug reactions

Answer 2

pharmacotherapy for spasticity is generally initiated in low doses, then gradually increased to the appropriate dose

Question 3

Medications approved for spasticity

Answer 3

baclofen, diazepam, tizanidine, dantrolene

Question 4

Medications that have shown efficacy in treatment

Answer 4

clonidine, gabapentin, BTX, ITB

Question 5

Diazepam

Answer 5

Valium

useful in relief of skeletal muscle spasms caused by reflex spasm of a localized conditions

frequently in short-term treatment due to toxicity

Question 6

Pantrolere

Answer 6

Dantrium

indicated for diffuse muscle over-activity

dantrolene agents act on the peripheral muscle level, rather than the neural level

Question 7

Baclofen C

Answer 7

Ioresal

general CNS depressant properties and may also impair attention and memory

sudden withdrawal can result in seizure, hallucination and rebound spasticity with fever

Question 8

Intrathecal Baclofen

Answer 8

treat spasticity in patient populations that experience severe spasticity that is unresponsive to oral medication

TBI should wait at least 1 year after injury before considering this

1% of the oral dose

Question 9

Chemodenervation

Answer 9

neuromuscular blockades such as botox and alcohol injections

this produces focal effects rather than systemic effects produced by oral medications to control spasticity

Question 10

Chemical Neurolysis

Answer 10

reduce spasticity is preferable to use of other agents when there is no hope of recovery for injected muscle

achieved by injection of ethyl alcohol, ethanol, or prenol

Question 11

Muscle relaxants

Answer 11

drugs are typically used for the relaxation of spasms caused by musculoskeletal injury

Question 12

Most common drugs for spasms:

Answer 12

Cyclobenzaprine (flexoril)

dichlorodifluoromethane: coolant spray

Question 13

Cyclobenzaprine

Answer 13

Flexeril

improves the signs and symptoms of skeletal muscle spasm

Question 14

Metaxalone

Answer 14

skelaxin

prescribed for acute skeletal spasms and pain associated with rehabilitation

Question 15

Atherosis

Answer 15

condition in which abnormal muscle contractions cause involuntary writhing movements

commonly affects some people with cerebral palsy, impairing speech and use of hands