Poliomyelitis Flashcards
What is poliomyelitis
Inflammation of the spinal cord
polio mainly affects children
under 5
how is polio transmitted?
person-to-person through fecal-oral route
Step 1 Polio transmission
Virus enters mouth
Step 2 Polio transmission
virus replicated in pharynx, GI, lymph, etc
Step 3 polio transmission
hematologic spread of virus to lymph and CNS
Step 4 polio transmission
virus spreads along nerve fibers
Step 5 polio transmission
destruction of motor neurons
How long can polio remain present in stool
up to 6 weeks
What does the poliomyelitis virus infect and affect
motor neurons in the spinal cord & Peripheral nerves; flaccid paralysis
Signs and symptoms of polio
fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness of neck, pain in limbs
How many patients die due to diaphragm paralysis
5-10%
Types of Wild Poliomyelitis
Mahoney, Lansing, Sabin
Type 1 WPV
Mahoney; paralysis 1/200
only one left in circulation
Type 2 WPV
Lansing
eradicated in 199
Type 3 WPV
Sabin
less virulent with paralysis 1/1000
eradicated 2019
Bulbarpolio
affects cranial nerve effectors
impacts nerves of soft palate and pharynx
What CN does bulbar polio affect
9 and 10
Spinal Polio
affects the spinal nerves leading to arms and legs
most common symptom is unilateral paralysis
Bulbospinal polio
medulla part of brain and spinal nerve that lead to arms and legs
Post Polio Syndrome
estimated 25-40% of individuals who contracted polio will experience pain and muscle weakness in 15-40 years after infection
Clinical Considerations of Polio
flail ankle valgus ankle knee deformity atrophy external rotation LLD
Compensatory Presentation of Polio
well-developed shoulders and upper extremities
lumbar lordosis
Genu Recurvatum
knee is stable (cannot buckle)
increased energy cost
Genu Varum
Knee is lateral to hip and ankle
increased stress on: Lower back, ankle, LCL, medial knee compartment
Genu Valgum
Knee is medial to hips and ankles
increased stress on: Lower back, ankle, MCL, lateral knee compartment
Acute Polio treatment phase
treat symptoms, maintain ROM, prevent deformity
Recovery Polio treatment phase
therapy, surgery, orthoses
What does the swedish knee cage correct
genu recuvarum
How does the Swedish knee cage correct
shorter lever arm = increased force
allows knee flexion
posteriorly directed force
