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ST2 Radiology > vascular > Flashcards

vascular Flashcards

1
Q

what indentation will be seen on barium swallow with an abberant right subclavian artery ?

A

posterior indentation

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2
Q

what is the diverticulum of kommerel ?

A

small bulge at the origin of an aberrant subclavian artery (usually aberrant right subclavian artery with a left sided aortic arch)

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3
Q

what is the most common cause of an aortic dissection ?

A

high blood pressure

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4
Q

what does the false lumen usually look like on CT ?

A

the false lumen is usually larger with lower contrast density on arterial phase - it can also become thrombosed due to slower flowing blood

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5
Q

where does a Stanford B aortic dissection start ?

A

between the brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery

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6
Q

what are the vasa vasorum ?

A

the small blood vessels that supple the walls of the large arteries

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7
Q

what are intramural haematomas caused by ?

A

rupture of the vasa vasorum

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8
Q

where do traumatic aortic injurys tend to occur ?

A

aortic rooth, isthmus and hiatus

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9
Q

what is aortic transection?

A

complete tear through all the layers of the aorta

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10
Q

what is the size criteria of a thoracic aortic aneurysm ?

A

ascending aorta > 4cm
Descending aorta >3.5cm

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11
Q

what is annuloaortic ectasia associated with ?

A

marfans, Ehlers-danlos, homocystinuria and osteogenesis imperfecta

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12
Q

when is surgical treatment recommended for a thoracic aortic aneurysm ?

A

> 5.5cm ascending
6cm descending TAA

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13
Q

which arteries does GCA tend to affect ?

A

upper extremity vessels
temporal artery
subclavian, brachial, axillary

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14
Q

what type of wall thickening does GCA tend to cause ?

A

long smooth stenosis with circumferential wall thickening

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15
Q

what are the most common infections causing infectious aortitis ?

A

s.aures
e.coli
salmonella
pneumococcus
syphillis

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16
Q

what is takayasu arteritis ?

A

large vessel vasculitis causing long smooths circumferential thickening and stenosis of the large vessels including the aorta, subclavicn, carotid, pulmonary and mesenteric arteries

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17
Q

what is shone syndrome

A

left sided obstructive congenital heart disease
1 - supravalvular mitral membrane
2. subvalvular aortic stenosis
3. parachute mitral valve
4. aortic coarctation

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18
Q

what is subclavian steal syndrome ?

A

proximal stenosis / occlusion of the subclavian artery
causing retrograde flow from the vertebral artery into the subclavian artery

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19
Q

how does subclavian steal syndrome present ?

A

syncope exacerbated by arm exercise.

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20
Q

what are the common causes of SVC obstruction

A

compression due to thoracic malignancy
catheter associated thrombosis
mediastinal fibrosis due to histoplasmosis exposure

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21
Q

what is the classic abdominal imaging finding of SVC obstruction ?

A

increased enhancement of hepatic segment 4a due to collateral opacification of the vein of sappey

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22
Q

where does a left sided SVC usually drain into ?

A

coronary sinus -> the right atrium

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23
Q

what is the size criteria for an abdominal aortic aneurysm ?
what size is treatment recommended

A

> 3cm
5.5 - surgical treatment

24
Q

what is leriche syndrome ?

A

Complete occlusion of the distal abdominal aorta due to atherosclerosis

25
Q

what is polyarteritis nodosa ?

A

systemic necrotizing vasculitis or small and medium sized arteries - causing multiple small visceral aneurysms with raised p-anca

26
Q

which arteries does Polyarteritis nodosa commonly affect ?

A

hepatic, mesenteric and renal

27
Q

which medical conditions is PAN associated with ?

A

CLASH
Cryoglobulinemia
leukaemia
Rheumatoid arteritis
srogens syndrome
hepatitis B

28
Q

what is the treatment of splenic aneurysms ?

A

endovascualar coil embolisation

29
Q

what is fibromuscular dysplasia ?

A

idiopathic, non-infectious, non-inflammatory vascular disease primary affecting the renal and carotid arteries

30
Q

what is the classic imaging feature of fibromuscular dysplasia

A

string of beads sign caused by alternating stenosis and aneurysmal dilatation of the renal artery

31
Q

what is the treatment of firbomuscular dysplasia

A

angioplasty

32
Q

what’s the most common cause of renal artery stenosis in children

A

takayasu

33
Q

in a GI bleed - what is the rate of bleeding that can be detected on a CTA ?

A

0.3-0.5 ml/min

34
Q

what is may-thurner syndrome ?

A

chronic compression of the left common iliac vein by crossing right common iliac artery against the lumbar vertebrae

35
Q

what is the most common site of stenosis of the SFA?

A

at the adductor hiatus

36
Q

what’s the gold standard investigation for calf caldication?

A

DSA

37
Q

what is thrombosisangitis obliterans ?

A

non-atheroscerlotic arteritis of the small vessels - usually hands and feet. that occurs in young male smokers.
Causes extensive occlusive disease

38
Q

what criteria makes fixing an abdominal aorta with end-vascular repair Okay ?

A

> 10mm from the renal arteries
angle of the neck <60 or >120
Common iliac arteries >7mm diameter and >20mm long

39
Q

what is neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome ?

A

nerve compression of the brachial plexus

40
Q

what is adsons manoeuvre ?

A

tests for aterial thoracic outlet syndrome
test the radial pulse, get the patient to move their head to the other side and then the pulse reduces

41
Q

what is the most common cause of subclavian artery compression ?

A

cervical rib

42
Q

what is mccleery syndrome ?

A

subclavian vein compression without thrombosis

43
Q

what is paget-schroetter syndrome

A

thrombosis of the subclavian vein as it enters the thorax - occurs in young men

44
Q

what is the classic feature of hypothenar hammer syndrome ?

A

CTA shows a corkscrew appearance of the ulnar artery -

45
Q

what is the definition of an iliac artery aneurysm and when should it be treated ?

A

> 2.5cm and treated if > 3cm

46
Q

what is burgers disease ?

A

chronic inflammatory thrombotic arteritis that affects the lower extremities - usually the feet/.
seen in young male smokers

47
Q

what is the preferred treatment for an iliac artery ?

A

end-vascular stent-graft

48
Q

what is a persistent sciatic artery?

A

where the fetal sciatic artery persists to supply the majority of the blood to the leg. it arises from the internal iliac artery

49
Q

what is the Rutherford classification used for ?

A

categorizes chronic limb ischemia

50
Q

what is the most common source of an acute thromboembolic disease ?

A

left atrial thrombus

51
Q

what is popliteal entrapment syndrome

A

compression of the popliteal artery by a fibrous band or calf muscle

52
Q

what is cystic adventitial disease ?

A

a cause of distal claudication where there are mucoid cysts in the adventitia of the popliteal artery - which leads to luminal compression

53
Q

what is the normal peak systolic velocity in the large arteries ? (carotid )

A

60-100cm/sec

54
Q

if the peak systolic velocity is >125cm/sec what does it suggest ?(carotid )

A

> 50% stenosis

55
Q

if the peak systolic velocity is >230 cm/sec what does it suggest ?(carotid )

A

> 70 % stenosis

56
Q

, what peak systolic velocity would indicate renal artery stenosis

A

> 180cm/sec

ST2 Radiology (13 decks)

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