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ST2 Radiology > Head and neck > Flashcards

Head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common type of brachial clef cysts ?

A

Type 2

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2
Q

where are brachial clef cysts type 2 arise from ?

A

angle of mandible, anterior to sternocleidomastoid.
extending between the internal and external carotid arteries

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3
Q

what commonly causes enlargement of a brachial clef cyst s?

A

comcominant infection - such as a respiratory infection

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4
Q

what type of epithelium are the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses lined with

A

schneiderian epithleium

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5
Q

the inferior meatus is the drainage pathway of which duct

A

the nasolacrimal duct

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6
Q

what does the osteiomeatal complex drain into

A

the middle meatus

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7
Q

what is a concha bullsoa

A

pneumatisation of a middle turbinate

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8
Q

what is the black turbinate sign

A

non enhancement of the nasal turbinates due to acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis

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9
Q

what is Potts puffy tumour

A

acute frontal sinusitis complicated with osteomyelitis and a subgaleal/subperiosteal abscess

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10
Q

what condition links chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis

A

cystic fibrosis

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11
Q

what is samters triad ?

A

NSAID exacerbated respiratory disease

Astama
sensitive to NSAIDS
nasal polyps

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12
Q

what is Gardner sydnrome

A

FAP
multiple osteomas
desmoid tumours

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13
Q

what is mc-cune Albright syndrom

A

polyostoci fibours dysplasia
endocrine hyperfunction
cafe au lait spots

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14
Q

what is mazabraud syndrome

A

polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and intramuscular myxomas

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15
Q

which nerve is most likely to be affected in adenoid cystic carcinoma ?

A

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

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16
Q

what is intestinal type adenocarcinoma of the sinuses associated with

A

wood dust

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17
Q

what structures pass through the optic cancal

A

optic nerve
ophthalmic artery

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18
Q

what structures pass through the superior orbital fissure

A

CN 3,4,6 and V1 (ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve which provides sensory Information to the upper face0
superior ophalmic vein
superior branch of the inferior ophthalmic vein

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19
Q

what is the normal finding of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

T2 bright signal in the globes pallidus

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20
Q

what is the order of muscle involvement in the eye associated with graves disease ?

A

IM SLOW

Inferior
middle
superior
lateral
olbiques

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21
Q

which primary tumour can cause enopthalmos ?

A

breast cancer

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22
Q

in children what is the most common source of metasatesse to the orbits ?

A

neuroblastoma

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23
Q

what are patients with srogens syndrome at increased risk of developing

A

salavary gland lymphoma

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24
Q

what is heerfordt syndrome

A

pathognomic presentation of sarcoid with uveitis , parotitis and facial nerve palsy

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25
Q

where do first brachial cleft cysts arise ?

A

between the external auditory canal and the submandibular region

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26
Q

where do chordomas occur ?

A

sacro-coccyeal
sphenoid-clivis
vertebral body

27
Q

what Is an anterochoanal polyp?

A

polyps that arise from the maxillary sinus and extend into the nasophranx.
They cause expansion of the sinus but don’t cause bony erosions

28
Q

what is an inverted papilloma

A

a vascular tumour, usually arising from the lateral nasal wall, it extends in to the maxillary sinus and causes bony erosions

29
Q

where does iodine - from a iodine 113 scan normally accumulate ?

A

the stomach and the salivary glands due to normal sodium-iodine transporters
the bladder and the liver due to normal excretion pathways

30
Q

if a patient has an optic nerve glioma, what is there likely underlying condition

A

NF1

31
Q

what type of contrast enhancement is seen with a cavernous haemangioma?

A

progressive filling in - can be seen as being more filled in with further sequences obtained

32
Q

what causes bilateral symmetrical enlargement of the lacrimal glands ?

A

srogjesn and sarcoidosis

33
Q

what space is lateral to the head of the malleus and incus on an axial view in the epitympanium

A

prussaks space

34
Q

what is a cholesteatoma

A

matrix of stratisfied epithelium cells, releases a matrix that absorbes bone

35
Q

where do cholesteatomas occur

A

prussaks space,

36
Q

What is a gloms tympanum

A

benign glomus body tumour at the cochlear promontory (its where the nurse plexus of CN 9/10 )

37
Q

what nuclear medicine tests can you use to investigate gloms tympanicum

A

Indium 111
OCtreotide
123 MIGB

38
Q

what causes a cholesterol granuloma

A

bleeding in pneumatised petrous apex - leading to inflammatory mass

39
Q

what is the dark rim seen in a cholesterol granuloma ?

A

old blood products
surrounding the cholesterol crystals which are fat bright

40
Q

what causes petrous apicitis

A

pseudomonas infection from mastoiditis

41
Q

what is gradenigo syndrome

A

otorrhea - middle ear mastoid infection
headache - intracranial infection or trigeminal neuralgia
diplopia - lateral rectus palsy ( due to CN6 courses over the petrous apex)

42
Q

what does the cavernous sinus drain

A

the inferior and superior ophthalmic veins and the sphenoparietal sinus

43
Q

what drains the cavernous sinus

A

superior and inferior petrosal sinuses to the sigmoid sinus and then jugular bulb

44
Q

<what classifies a micro adenoma of the pituitary gland ?

A

<10mm

45
Q

what is the most common primary cancer to metastasise to the suprasellar region ?

A

bresat

46
Q

how do patients with a hypothalamic harmatoma present

A

uncontrollable laughing seizures

47
Q

where do most acquired cholesteatomoas arise

A

prussaks space

48
Q

where are cholesterol granulomas located

A

in a pneumatised petrous apex

49
Q

on otoscope what does a cholesterol granuloma look like ?

A

blue retrotympanic mass

50
Q

where do most nasophrangeal carcinomas raise ?

A

fossa of rossenmuller

51
Q

with a nasopharyngeal carcinoma which lymph nodes are usually preferred ?

A

retropharyngeal and high jugular

52
Q

where do thronwaldt cysts arise and what do people complain off ?

A

in the midline or the nasopharnx, bad breath

53
Q

what automatically upgrades an oropharyngeal cancer to a T3 ?

A

invasion of the epiglottic fat space

54
Q

where do all ranulas arise from ?

A

they all arise from the sublingual space

55
Q

what is a rare complication of a thyroiglossal duct cyst ?

A

thyroid carcinoma

56
Q

what is the most common location for a cystic hygroma?

A

posterior triangle of the neck

57
Q

what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism ?

A

hashimotos disease

58
Q

what is the most common cause of a painful thyroid mass ?

A

de quervain thyroiditis

59
Q

what is a gibbus deformity?

A

it is where there is anterior wedging of the vertebral body - this results in structural kyphosis

60
Q

what is the most common cause of epidural lipomatosis ?

A

steroid use

61
Q

what measurement of epidural fat in the thoracic space is thought of as epidural lipomatosis ?

A

more than 6mm

62
Q

what should the basin dental interval be ?

A

<12mm

63
Q

what should the Atlanta -dental interval be ?

A

< 2.5 mm adults
< 5mm in children

64
Q
A

ST2 Radiology (13 decks)

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