Various cards test 3 Flashcards
How many proteins does the human body express
Humans express between 80,000 and
400,000 proteins in the body
How many genes does the human body have
Human genome has ~30,000 genes
Transcription factors
Transcription factors often work in
conjunction with one another
What does expression of a gene depend on
Expression of a gene may depend on a
particular combination of activators and
repressors
Activators
bind to enhancer regulatory elements
Repressors
bind to silencer regulatory elements
Enhancers and silencers are…
DNA sequences
Botulinum toxin
Exotoxin, blocks AC and causes muscles to relax
Prop roots
Aerial roots that provide additional support, commonly seen in plants like maize and banyan trees.
Storage roots
Modified roots that store nutrients, such as carrots, beets, and sweet potatoes.
Buttress roots
Large, flared roots that stabilize tall, tropical trees in shallow soil.
Rhizomes
Horizontal, underground stems that store nutrients and aid in vegetative reproduction (e.g., ginger, turmeric).
Modified stem
Tubers
Swollen, underground stems that store starch, such as potatoes.
Modified stem
Stolons
Horizontal, above-ground stems that produce new plants at nodes (e.g., strawberry runners).
Modified stem
Modified leaves
Tendrils - Modified leaves or stems that help plants climb and support themselves by coiling around objects (e.g., peas, grapes).
Spines - Modified leaves that protect plants and reduce water loss, such as cactus spines.
Storage leaves - Thickened leaves that store water or nutrients, as seen in succulents like aloe and onion bulbs.
