Lecture 10 Flashcards
Net Output of glycolysis
2 ATP ( 4 output but 2 input), 2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH (4 electrons), 2 water
Net inputs of glycolysis
Glucose, [4ADP, phosphate, 2NAD+, (2 ATP required)]
Glycolysis is the…
Investment phase
Glycolysis takes place in the…
Cytosol
How many Carbons in pyruvate?
3
T/F?
In glycolysis, Glucose is Oxidized
True, oxidized by NAD+, however Glucose is not fully oxidized yet because it is not broken down to CO2
Pyruvate Oxidation happens in…
Mitochondrial matrix
Mitochondria has how many membranes
2
how many full oxidations happen in Pyruvate oxidation per Pyruvate
1, 1 CO2 is made because two more electrons are pulled out by NAD+ to become NADH
after Pyruvate Oxidation, how many carbons are left in each pyruvate
2 carbons left, attached to CO-enzyme A to form acetyl Co-A
what does Co enzyme A help do?
Catalyze the next step of the reaction
Do prokaryotes do these processes?
Yes, they just don’t need to transfer them into another organelle
Order of processes
Glycolysis->Pyruvate Oxidation->citric acid cycle-> oxidative phosphorylation
Outputs of Citric acid cycle
-4 NADH
-1 ATP
-1 FADH2
-2 CO2
- x2 because of glucose
what happens in the citric acid cycle?
CO2 made, electrons captured, some ATP made.
Is glucose fully oxidized at the end of Citric acid cycle?
Yes, 2 are lost in Pyruvate oxidation, 4 are lost in citric acid cycle
Where does Citric acid cycle happen
Mitochondrial matrix
Where does oxidation phosphorylation happen
Mitochondria, Electron carriers NADH, travel along inner membrane ETC
As electron carriers transfer along ETC, they…
lose energy to pump Hydrogen ions across the membrane
What do the high concentration of Hydrogen ions do
They are pumped through ATP synthase to make ATP, Sticks phosphate groups back on ADP with a motion energy
How much ATP is generated by Oxidative phosphorylation
ATP synthase uses energy from H+ to make 26-28 ATP
what happens to the hydrogen ions that go in
-Reduces O2 to make water
-some is pumped back out of membrane
Hydrogen ____ in, and ____ out
diffuses, pumped
How much total ATP is made per glucose
30-32
Purpose of all these processes?
produce ATP but mostly Oxidize glucose and gain electrons
Why does NADH produce more ATP
it introduces electrons to the ETC earlier in the process, thus giving more Hydrogen ions
What is the final electron acceptor
O2
what is the only difference in Anaerobic repiration
The final E-acceptor, Aerobic uses O2, Anaerobic uses other things
In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by _____.
substrate-level phosphorylation
Where do the following take place:
Glycolysis
acetyl CoA formation
citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis - cytosol
acetyl CoA formation - mitochondrial matrix
citric acid cycle - mitochondrial matrix
Oxidative phosphorylation - inner mitochondrial membrane
