Varicose Veins

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with varicose veins?

Answer 1

Leg pain or heaviness, especially after prolonged standing. Visible swollen, twisted veins. History of prolonged standing or pregnancy.

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in varicose veins?

Answer 2

Visible dilated, tortuous veins, primarily in the legs. Possible swelling and skin changes (hyperpigmentation, eczema). Tenderness over the affected veins.

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing varicose veins?

Answer 3

Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Doppler ultrasound to assess venous insufficiency and rule out deep vein thrombosis.

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for varicose veins?

Answer 4

Leg elevation and compression stockings. Regular exercise to improve circulation. Avoidance of prolonged standing or sitting.

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for varicose veins?

Answer 5

Topical or oral pain relievers for symptom management. Sclerotherapy or laser treatment for vein closure. Surgical options for severe cases (e.g., vein stripping).

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in varicose veins patients?

Answer 6

Severe pain, swelling, or skin ulceration. Signs of deep vein thrombosis: sudden leg swelling, redness, and pain. Symptoms not improving with conservative management.

Question 7

When should a patient with varicose veins be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

Refractory or severe varicose veins not responding to initial treatment. Consideration for surgical or endovascular interventions. Need for specialized vascular evaluation.

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to varicose veins?

Answer 8

Incompetent venous valves leading to blood pooling in the superficial veins. Increased venous pressure causes vein dilation and tortuosity.