Superficial Thrombophlebitis Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with superficial thrombophlebitis?
Pain, redness, and swelling along a superficial vein. History of recent intravenous catheter use, varicose veins, or prolonged immobility. Symptoms may include a palpable cord-like structure.
What are the key physical examination findings in superficial thrombophlebitis?
Tenderness, redness, and swelling along the affected vein. Palpable, firm cord along the course of the vein. Possible low-grade fever.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing superficial thrombophlebitis?
Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Doppler ultrasound to rule out deep vein thrombosis if there is concern. Blood tests (e.g., D-dimer) if indicated.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for superficial thrombophlebitis?
Warm compresses to relieve discomfort. Leg elevation and compression stockings. Avoidance of prolonged immobility.
What are the pharmacological management options for superficial thrombophlebitis?
NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) for pain and inflammation. Anticoagulation therapy if there is extension into deep veins or significant risk factors. Antibiotics if secondary infection is suspected.
What are the red flags to look for in superficial thrombophlebitis patients?
Rapidly worsening pain or swelling. Signs of systemic infection: high fever, chills. Symptoms suggestive of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
When should a patient with superficial thrombophlebitis be referred to a specialist?
Refractory or severe superficial thrombophlebitis not responding to initial treatment. Suspected extension into deep veins or complications. Need for advanced diagnostic evaluation or treatment.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to superficial thrombophlebitis?
Inflammation and clot formation in a superficial vein. Often associated with intravenous catheter use, varicose veins, or prolonged immobility. Can progress to deep vein thrombosis if untreated.
