Stasis Ulcers Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with stasis ulcers?
Chronic leg swelling and heaviness. History of varicose veins or previous deep vein thrombosis. Symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency.
What are the key physical examination findings in stasis ulcers?
Shallow, irregularly shaped ulcers over the medial malleolus. Surrounding skin may be hyperpigmented and thickened. Edema and varicosities often present.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing stasis ulcers?
Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam. Doppler ultrasound to assess venous insufficiency. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) to rule out arterial disease.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for stasis ulcers?
Leg elevation and compression therapy. Regular wound care and dressings. Lifestyle modifications: weight management and exercise.
What are the pharmacological management options for stasis ulcers?
Topical dressings to promote healing (e.g., hydrocolloids, alginates). Antibiotics if secondary infection is present. Venous ablation procedures for refractory cases.
What are the red flags to look for in stasis ulcers patients?
Rapidly enlarging or non-healing ulcers. Signs of infection: increased redness, warmth, and purulent discharge. Severe pain or arterial insufficiency signs.
When should a patient with stasis ulcers be referred to a specialist?
Refractory or severe stasis ulcers not responding to conservative treatment. Consideration for surgical intervention. Need for specialized wound care or vascular evaluation.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to stasis ulcers?
Chronic venous insufficiency leading to increased pressure in the veins. Causes leakage of fluid and blood cells into surrounding tissues, resulting in ulcer formation.