valvular heart disease/ cardiomyopathy Flashcards
Cornerstone for diagnosis off dilated cardiomyopathy?
Echocardiogram
Do you use beta blockers for stenosis or regurgitation ?
Mitral stenosis, rate control in atrial fibrillation
Aortic stenosis, for angina
Signs of pulmonary congestion
Tachypnea
Dullness of breathing sounds
Rales
Signs of systemic congestion
Engorgement of jugular vein
Hepatomegaly
Ascites
Pedal edema
Blood markers for cardiomyopathy
ANA
Troponin
BNP
What is Systolic anterior motion
Hypertrophy of ventricular septum
During systole the mitral valve is too close to the septum and aortic outflow is obstructed and there is mitral regurgitation
Valsalva maneuver
What is it?
What does it detect?
Lowers LV volume by holding breath. When you release the LV will increase. This makes systolic murmur more pronounced.
Detects:
Aortic stenosis
Treatment for cardiomyopathy
Beta blocker
CCB
Amiodarone
What drugs are usually avoided in dilated cardiomyopathy?
Digitalis
Nitrates
Vasodilators
In general, drugs that can cause excessive hypotension because the CO is already lowered .
Kussmaul’s sign
Jugular vein dissension seen in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Heart change seen in restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Diastolic dysfunction
Thickened ventricle
Enlarged atrium
Pathogenesis of restrictive cardiomyopathy
Fibrosis of heart muscle reducing compliance (less elastic )
Due to idiopathic or infiltrations such as amyloid, sarcoidosis,IEM (inborn errors of metabolism), hemochromatosis
Diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy
Signs of heart failure
CXR: NORMAL sized heart with pulmonary congestion
ECG: low voltage QRS
ECHO: increased ventricular thickness and biatrial enlargement
