GI bleeding

Question 0

Melena minimum volume. color cause?

Answer 0

200mL

black color from hemoglobin being converted to hematin by bacteria.

Question 1

Ligament of Treitz

what is it and significance

Answer 1

It is a band of smooth muscle that is used as a marker of where the duodenum and jejunum meet.

Hematemesis (vomiting fresh blood) indicates bleeding originates from site PROXIMAL to lig of Treitz

Question 2

Hematochezia, indicates what location

Answer 2

Pure red blood or mix, indicates lower GI tract.

Question 3

Postural hypotension assessment

Answer 3

From laying down to sitting up, blood pressure falls more than 15 to 20 mmHg.

Question 4

What is Meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 4

Unobliterated yolk sack in the ileum that can cause bleeding if the mucosa contains gastric tissue

Question 5

Two most common causes of lower GI bleeding

Answer 5

Angiodysplasia

Hemorrhoids

Question 6

If patient presents with systolic bp below 100mmHg and postural hypotension, how much blood needs to be transfused?

Answer 6

4 units in 12 hours

Question 7

Acid blockers

Answer 7

PPI: omeprazole, anything that ends in azole

Question 8

Somatostatin indications

Answer 8

Vasoactive agent: reduces portal blood pressure. Also used as a antidiarrheal and flushing from carcinoid tumor because it functions by supressing SERATONIN secretion.

Question 9

Hematemesis minimum blood volume loss

Answer 9

250mL