Valvular heart disease Flashcards
what is the most common cause of mitral stenosis
previous rheumatic fever
what is the bacteria that infects a patient in rheumatic fever
haemolytic streptococci A
what are the clinical features of mitral stenosis
breathlessness
fatigue
palpitation
malar flush
what investigations would be done in suspected mitral stenosis
ECG Chest radiograph (CXR)
what may an ECG show in patients with mitral stenosis
atrial fibrilation
right ventricular hypertrophy
what may a CXR show in a patient with mitral stenosis
calcified mitral valve
enlarged left atrium
pulmonary oedema
cardiomeagly
in rheumatic fever what does the heamolytic streptococci A do to the heart valves
causes inflammation and scarring of the heart valves
how common is trivial mitral regurgitation in the general population
75% of the population will have trivial MR
what are the causes of mitral regurgitation
mitral valve prolapse rheumatic fever infective endocarditis connective tissue disorder pap muscle rupture
what does mitral regurgitation usually present as
progressive breathlessness
fatigue
palpitation
mitral regurgitation can occur acutely following MI why is this
papillary muscle necrosis
what investigations would you do for mitral regurgitation
an echo is needed to confirm the diagnosis
what is the most common valvular heart disease in the developed world
aortic stenosis
what is aortic stenosis usually caused by
calcific degenerative disease
what is the less common cause of aortic stenosis
congenital bicuspid aortic valve - 2% of population
