Heart Failure Presentation Flashcards
what is the definition of heart failure
clinical syndrome compromising of -dyspnoea -fatigue -fluid retention due to cardiac dysfunction either at rest or on exertion WITH accompanying neurohormonal activation
what is the mean age of a heart failure patient
74y
what are the factors increasing the risk of heart failure
age hypertension CHD obesity diabetes high lipid profile
what is the one year survival rate for heart failure
around 60% are still alive at one year
what are the symptoms of heart failure
Fatigue
Reduced exercise capacity
Oedema
Breathlessness
what are the signs of heart failure
Chest crepitations Displaced apex beat Tachycardia JVP elevated Oedema
if a patient has an elevated BNP what would be the next test
echo and further cardiac assessment
what causes heart failure
heart muscle diseases
reduced blood supply to heart
valve diseases
arrhythmias
what are 3 causes of left ventricular systolic dysfunction
IHD
dilated cardiomyopathy (means LVSD is not due to IHD or valves)
aortic valve disease
mitral regurgitation
what is an essential investigation in heart failure
echo
what can an echo identify
LV systolic dysfunction LVH diastolic dysfunction valve dysfunction pericardial effusion/tamponade
what investigations should be done for heart failure and what might they show
Bloods
- raised troponin
- raised BNP
- exclude anaemia
ECG
CXR
- pulmonary odema
- cardiomegaly
ECHO!
-further information of the underlying cause
