Arrhythmias Presentation Flashcards

1
Q

what is 1st degree heart block

A

split second delay in the time it takes the electrical impulses to move through the AV node, usually benign

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2
Q

what may an ECG of first degree heart block show

A

prolonged PR interval

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3
Q

what is 2nd degree heart block

A

series of increasing delays in the time it takes the AV node to send the pulse to the ventricle, this will eventually lead to theheart skipping a beat

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4
Q

2nd degree heart block can be further split up into what two types

A

asymptomatic

symptomatic

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5
Q

what man an ECG of 2nd degree heart block show

A

non conductive P wave

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6
Q

what is 3rd degree heart block

A

no transmission of electrical impulses between the atria and the ventricles through the AV node - AV dissociation

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7
Q

What is atrial fibrillation

A

problem with the electrical signaling in the atria and this results in a fast irregular heart beat.

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8
Q

how common is Afib

A

most common rhythm disorder, many of the population has benign A-fib

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9
Q

what is the aim of A-fib treatment

A

to restore normal sinus rhythm

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10
Q

what are the ways normal sinus rhythm can be restored in A fib

A

pharmacological

electrically by cardioversion

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11
Q

what medication might be given to patient with A-fib to stop thrombus formation

A

anti-coagulant e.g Warfarin or heprin

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12
Q

what is the difference between Atrial fib and Atrial flutter

A

atrial flutter is still rapid but organised

atrial fib is disorganised and rapid

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13
Q

what may the P waves look like on an ECG with atrial fib

A

a saw tooth pattern - as the atria keeps firing so lots of P waves.

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14
Q

what is supraventricular tachycardia

A

abnormally high heart rate at more than 100bpm at rest

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15
Q

what can cause SVT

A

genetic
structural
coronary artery disease

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16
Q

what is the pathology of SVT

A

usually a re-entry circuit involving the AV node or an accessory pathway that permits electrical conduction between the atria and the ventricles

17
Q

what arrhythmia can be terminated by the valsalva manoeuvre

18
Q

what medication can be given to treat SVT

A

adenosine -can block the AV node and break the circuit stopping the arrhythmia

19
Q

define Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

A

condition present at birth where heart beats abnormally fast for periods of time, due to an extra electrical connection in the heart between the atria and the ventricles -causes rapid hear beat

20
Q

define ventricular tachycardia

A

3 or more broad QRS complexes (bigger than 3 small boxes) occurring at a rate of >120bpm, with the heart beat originating in the ventricles

21
Q

what is the cause of VT

A

coronary artery disease

conditions that cause structural damage to the ventricle s

22
Q

what is ventricular fibrillation

A

ventricle fibrillation is never associated with cardiac out put sufficient to preserve consciousness. ventricle rhythm will be chaotic

23
Q

what must you do in VF

A

reverse sinus rhythm- cardioversion IMMEDIATELY

24
Q

what is ventricular fibrillation usually caused by

A

IHD- ventricle cells are deprived of oxygen

25
define sinus tachycardia
HR greater than 100 bpm at rest
26
define sinus brady cardia
HR less than 60 bpm at rest
27
what is the clinical presentation of A-fib
``` fast HR chest senstations "fish flopping" fatigue dizzy breathless ```
28
what is sinus arrest
failure of the SA node to initiate impulses therefore atria arent stimulated
29
what is Torsades de Pointes
type of ventricular tachycardia usually associated with long QT syndrome