Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiology > Valvular Disease > Flashcards

Valvular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Valves automatically open/close based on what?

A

Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

During systole what two valves are open?

A

Aortic and Pulmonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

During diastole what two valves are open?

A

Tricuspid and Mitral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is Erb’s Point heard?

A

Third left intercostal space (left sternal border)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If the right and left valves do not close simultaneously may hear what sounds?

A

“split” S1 or S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can splitting of S2 be associated with?

A

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

S3 is associated with change in?

A

Ventricular Compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is regurgitation?

A

Valve is not able to shut completely, allows blood to flow retrograde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What infection causes rheumatic heart disease?

A

Group A Streptococcus (S. pyrogenes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rheumatic heart disease causes what fibrotic valvular changes?

A

Mitral regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of rheumatic heart disease?

A

Fever, joint pain, subcutaneous nodules, chorea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What valves have chordea tendinae?

A

AV valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common initial symptom in aortic stenosis?

A

Dyspnea, due to decreased CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the symptoms of aortic stenosis?

A

Heart failure
Angina
Syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If a patient with aortic stenosis has a syncopal episode what is the emergent treatment?

A

Emergent stent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most common cause of outflow obstruction in kiddos and adults?

A

Aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the number one risk factor for aortic stenosis?

A

Age, associated with the aging process (if everyone lived long enough they would develop aortic stenosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a brain naturetic peptide (BNP) used to diagnose?

A

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Does aortic regurge occur during systole or diastole?

A

Diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is orthopnea?

A

Difficulty breathing while laying flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of mitral stenosis?

A

Dyspnea
Orthopnea
Hemoptysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why do patients with mitral stenosis present with hemoptysis?

A

Blood vessels are against increased pressure, vessels can rupture. Blood will enter the alveoli and fill airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is mitral regurgitation heard during systole or diastole?

24
Q

Tricuspid regurgitation in an IVDU what is the likely bacteria causing the endocarditis?

25
Pulmonary stenosis is going to cause what sided heart failure?
Right, unable to fill RV
26
What type of edema is going to be seen in pulmonary stenosis?
Systemic peripheral edema, you won't see pulmonary edema because the blood isn't getting to the lungs because the problem is before the lungs
27
What is a empyema?
Puss in the lungs
28
Congenital murmurs are most common in what valves?
Aortic or Pulmonic (systolic valves)
29
What illnesses can cause acquired murmurs?
Rheumatic Fever (most common) Endocarditis Syphilis
30
What is the biggest risk factor for developing valvular disease?
Increasing age
31
What are the complications associated with vavlular heart disease?
Heart failure Stroke Blood Clot Heart Rhythm abnormalities Death
32
What is occurring at Systole S1?
Ventricular contraction Aortic and pulmonic valves open, mitral and tricuspid valves close Louder at apex
33
What is occurring at Diastole S2?
Ventricular relaxation Aortic and pulmonic valves close, and mitral and tricuspid valves open Louder at the base
34
What is valve stenosis?
Leaflets become thick or stiff, may fuse together; results in a narrowed valve opening and reduced blood flow through the valve
35
What is valvular atresia?
Valve isn't formed; a solid sheet of tissue blocks the blood flow between the heart chambers- congenital
36
Murmurs that usually get louder on inspiration are on what side of the heart?
Right side
37
Murmurs that usually get louder on expiration are typically on what side of the heart?
Left side
38
At what grade murmur can you start to feel a palpable thrill?
Grade IV, everything before that doesn't have a thrill
39
If you feel a thrill it is not an innocent murmur, what grade must it be?
> III
40
What are some common causes for innocent murmurs?
Temporary increase in blood flow- hyperkinetic states Exercise Pregnancy Fever Hyperthyroidisn Anemia Rapid growth spurts in children
41
A diastolic murmur is always...
pathological
42
What valve disorder is most likely with a late systolic murmur?
Mitral valve prolapse (not good)
43
What valve disorders are most likely with an early diastolic murmur?
Aortic or Pulmonic regurgitation
44
What pattern will be heard on auscultation of a patient with aortic stenosis?
Classically a systolic murmur in a Crescendo-decrescendo pattern - high pitched murmur due to high speed blood flow (Burr-dub)
45
Nitrates should be used with caution in aortic stenosis due to what dangerous risk?
Severe hypotension
46
When is valve replacement indicated in aortic stenosis?
Once symptoms begin or left ventricle dysfunction occurs
47
When grading severity in aortic stenosis a late systolic murmur is indicative of what severity?
Severe
48
The most common cause of chronic aortic regurgitation is
VSD with aortic valve prolapse
49
What are the symptoms in severe aortic regurgitation?
Palpitations Chest pain Fatigue Shortness of breath
50
What two findings are associated with severe aortic regurgitation?
"Corrigan's Pulse" Austin-Flint murmur
51
What is the treatment for symptomatic acute aortic regurgitation?
Prompt aortic valve replacement or repair
52
What is the treatment for chronic aortic regurgitation?
Requires aortic valve replacement/repair when symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction develops
53
Does mitral valve prolapse require treatment?
Not usually, when it does most commonly treated with a beta-blocker to reduce risk of tachycardia (Atenolol or Proponalol)
54
What is the treatment for mitral stenosis?
Patients usually respond to diuretics. Some require rate control with either beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers.
55
What is the treatment for pulmonary valve stenosis?
Balloon valvuloplasty for symptomatic patients

Cardiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions