Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology > EKG's Clin Med > Flashcards

EKG's Clin Med Flashcards

1
Q

Why obtain an EKG during screening (asymptomatic) patient?

A

Generally, only for those with high cardiac risk over 65

Screening for “silent” heart attacks, atrial fibrillation, and hypertrophy (big heart), or family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the scenerios to order an EKG for diagnostic purposes?

A

Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Syncope
Palpitations
Confusion/altered mental status
Weakness
Exercise Intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Piburn’s favorite saying when someone presents to the ED at risk for a cardiovascular event?

A

O2, IV, MONITOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why would you place a trauma patient on a monitor?

A

Concern for central nervous system and cardiac trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some medications that can cause QT prolongation?

A

Flouroquinalones, Phase 3 Antirhythmics (K+ channel blockers), antidepressants, antipsychotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the relationship of pacemaker cells to myocytes?

A

Pacemaker sends an electrical current through gap junctions to activate the myocytes to perform contraction (act as the guide to the “runner” in the para-olympics example)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the normal beat per minute frequency in the SA node?

A

60-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the normal beat per minute frequency in the AV node?

A

40-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How long does a Zio Patch allow for continuous monitoring in the outpatient setting?

A

14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A large square on an EKG strip is how many seconds?

A

0.2 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is the interpretation of an EKG always reliable?

A

No, need to interpret for yourself (computer doesn’t know the patient)

Axis and other measurements are reliable and can be helpful in your interpretation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why don’t we see atrial repolarization?

A

It is buried in the QRS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a normal QRS duration?

A

0.06 to 0.10 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is occurring during QRS complex?

A

Ventricular depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is occurring during the T wave?

A

Ventricular Repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does an inverted T wave suggest?

A

Ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The U Wave is not usually seen, but if it is seen when does it occur?

A

After T-wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If there is a tall U Wave what pathology does it suggest?

A

Hypokalemia
Medication toxicity (anti-dysrhthmics, digitalis, and pheothiazines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How long is a normal PR interval?

A

Normal: 0.12 to 0.20 seconds (3 to 5 small squares)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Does Wolf Parkinsons White (WPW) have a short or longer PR interval?

A

Short PR interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The PR interval ________ as HR increases and _________ as HR decreases

A

shortens, lengthens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Longer, longer, longer, drop! Then you have a

A

Wenkebach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the steps of the 6 step method in interpreting EKG?

A
  1. Rate
  2. Rhythm
  3. Axis
  4. Intervals
  5. Hypertrophy
  6. Ischemia/Infarct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a normal rate?

A

60 to 100 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What rate is considered bradycardia?

A

< 60 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What rate is considered tachycardia?

A

> 100 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The sequence method only works if you have what kind of rhythm?

A

Regular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is indicative of normal sinus rhythm?

A

Upright P wave with single morphology, P before every QRS, and QRS is narrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

In regular rhythm there is the _____ distance between each R wave?

A

Same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In regularly irregular rhythm there is ____ of irregularity?

A

Repeating Pattern

31
Q

A short PR Interval can suggest?

A

Hypercalcemia
Digitalis Toxicity
WPW

32
Q

A long PR interval can suggest?

A

Beta/Calcium channel blockers
Hypothyroidism
AV Block

33
Q

A narrow (normal) QRS complex is presumed to be

A

Supraventricular

34
Q

A wide QRS complex can suggest?

A

Bundle branch blocks and ventricular rhythms

35
Q

A small square on EKG is how long in duration?

A

0.04 seconds

36
Q

How long is a each lead on a 12-lead EKG?

A

2.5 seconds long

37
Q

How long is a 12-lead EKG in standard configuration?

A

10 seconds long

38
Q

What is the anatomical position of V1 on a 12-Lead EKG?

A

Right side sternum, 4th intercostal space

39
Q

What is the anatomical position of V2 on a 12-Lead EKG?

A

Left side sternum, 4th intercostal space

40
Q

What is the anatomical position of V3 on a 12-Lead EKG?

A

Between V2 and V4

41
Q

What is the anatomical position of V4 on a 12-Lead EKG?

A

Left mid-clavicular, 5th intercostal space

42
Q

What is the anatomical position of V5 on a 12-Lead EKG?

A

Left anterior axillary, 5th intercostal space

43
Q

What is the anatomical position of V6 on a 12-Lead EKG?

A

Left mid-axillary, 5th intercostal space

44
Q

Adding augmented leads gives different vantage points, which allows the creation what system?

A

Hexaxial Reference System

45
Q

Electrical impulse in the ventricles starts where

A

The left side of the septum

46
Q

Both ventricles depolarize at the same time but this ventricle is faster due to its size?

A

Left ventricle

47
Q

What can cause right axis deviation?

A

COPD
WPW
Pulmonary embolism (any lung issue)

48
Q

What can cause left axis deviation?

A

Pregnancy (high diaphragm)
Hyperkalemia
Left sided hypertrophy

49
Q

What can cause extreme axis deviation?

A

No Man’s land
Misplaced leads
Potentially Ventricular Tachycardia
Very poor coronary artery perfusion

50
Q

In assessing axis deviation, if the QRS in lead I and aVF are both negative what is the meaning?

A

Extreme axis deviation

51
Q

In right axis deviation, what direction are lead I and aVF facing?

A

Lead 1 = down
aVF = up

52
Q

In left axis deviation, what direction are lead 1 and aVF facing?

A

Lead 1 = up
aVF = down

53
Q

The QRS is usually narrow and ____ small squares on EKG paper?

A

3

54
Q

What will cause a wider QRS?

A

Pace Rhythm (pace maker)
Ventricular Rhythm
Right Bundle Branch Block
Left Bundle Branch Block

55
Q

Any QRS greater than 0.12 sec is considered

A

Wide

56
Q

In differentiating bundle branch blocks with the turn signal method, if the wave goes up from the J point it is what kind of block?

A

RBBB

57
Q

In differentiating bundle branch blocks with the turn signal method, if the wave goes down from the J point it is what kind of block?

A

LBBB

58
Q

Ventricular hypertrophy can be normal in what cohorts?

A

Thin
Young adults
Athletes

59
Q

In ST-segment depression slopes what type of slopes are pathologic?

A

Downsloping
Horizontal (no slope)

60
Q

If an infarct is caught early, what change will likely be seen on EKG?

A

Changes in T-wave (hyperacute T waves minutes to hours after)

61
Q

What type of EKG should you order for an inferior STEMI?

A

Right sided EKG

62
Q

Brugada syndrome is what kind of channelopathy?

A

Sodium channelopathy

63
Q

What population is Brugada syndrome most prevalent?

A

Asian populations

64
Q

If you suspect hyperkalemia what should be the immediate work-up?

A

EKG, don’t wait for potassium level from the lab

65
Q

What is the Osborn Wave?

A

Seen at J-point, notch between the J-point and the start of the ST segment

66
Q

An inverted T-wave (upside down from positive QRS) suggests

A

Ischemia

67
Q

What EKG findings will occur in Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome?

A

Short PR interval with delta wave

68
Q

How long is a normal PR Interval?

A

0.12 to 0.20 (120-200 ms)

3-5 small squares

69
Q

In a regular rhythm will you see the same distance between each R wave?

A

Yes

70
Q

What is the most common irregularly irregular arrhythmia?

A

Atrial Fibrillation

71
Q

What are some common causes of a short PR interval?

A

Hypercalcemia
Digitalis Toxicity
WPW

72
Q

What are some common causes of a long PR interval?

A

Beta/Calcium channel blockers, Hypothyroidism, and AV block

73
Q

A narrow QRS complex is persumed to be

A

Supraventricular

Cardiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions