Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology > Shock, CHF, and Edema > Flashcards

Shock, CHF, and Edema Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Phrenic nerve innervate?

A

Innervates the diaphragm to help with respiration, comes out of C3, C4, and C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the Phrenic nerve assist with?

A

Sensory signaling from the pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is heart failure classified?

A

Acute vs. Chronic
Compensated vs. decompensated
Right sided vs. left sided
Systolic vs. diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the causes of chronic HF?

A

Ischemia
Valve Disease
HTN –> remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acute HF presents with more sudden onset and severe symptoms, what are the symptoms seen?

A

Flash pulmonary edema
Shock
Normal cardiac silhouette

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What sided HF is more common?

A

Left, due to ventricular failure leading to pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How will systolic failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) present?

A

Left sided HF (dyspnea, fatigue, rales or crackles) due to decreased SV with decreased EF

May progress to right sided HF with edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the causes of diastolic heart failure?

A

Decreased Preload
- CAD, Restrictive cardiomyopathy, pericarditis

Increased Afterload
- HTN, Aortic stenosis, HOCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can be seen on physical exam in diagnosing CHF?

A

S3 heart sound
Crackles
Elevated JVD
Hepatojugular reflux
Peripheral edema
Ascites
SOB, orthopnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is shock defined?

A

Life-threatening condition characterized by inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to vital organs relative to their metabolic demand- hypoperfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the cause of cardiogenic shock?

A

Results from decreased cardiac function (typically LV) resulting in decreased perfusion to peripheral tissue - decreased CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vasopressors cause

A

Vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When using pressors what must you monitor?

A

Renal, mesenteric and myocardial ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are causes of cardiogenic shock?

A

Acute MI
Myocarditis
Arrhythmias
Tamponade
Acute Heart Failure (PE, papillary muscle rupture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common cause of shock?

A

Septic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of shock is septic shock?

A

Distributive shock

17
Q

What types of shock are distributive shock?

A

Septic
Neurogenic
Anaphylactic

18
Q

Obstructive shock is commonly associated with

A

PE
Pericardial tamponade
Tension pneumothorax
LV outflow obstruction

19
Q

What is a normal ejection fraction?

A

50-70%

20
Q

What is the most common cause of CHF?

A

Uncontrolled HTN

21
Q

What locations are common for edema to accumulate?

A

LE, genitals, GI tract, and liver

22
Q

What are specific causes of ISOLATED right sided heart failure?

A

pulmonary HTN, PE, COPD

23
Q

What is the pathophysiology of forward left sided heart failure?

A

Decreased CO from LV

Less oxygen rich blood getting to tissues

24
Q

What are the clinical features of forward left sided heart failure?

A

Fatigue, weakness, dizziness
Mental status change
Signs of hypoxia, cyanosis
Oliguria

25
Q

What symptom can be associated with severely reduced LV function?

A

Oliguria

26
Q

What is the pathophysiology of backward left sided heart failure?

A

Blood backing up into the lungs (pulmonary congestion), fluid leaking into alveoli, less air exchange, and pulmonary edema

27
Q

What are clinical features of backward left sided heart failure?

A

Cough, crackles, coughing up “frothy” pink sputum
Dyspnea on exertion
Orthopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Mild to moderate JVD

28
Q

What is the pathophysiology of forward right sided heart failure?

A

Less blood being pumped into the lungs for gas exchange therefore less oxygenated blood to dispense to body

29
Q

What clinical features will be associated with forward right sided heart failure?

A

Fatigue, weakness

30
Q

What is the pathophysiology of backward right sided failure?

A

Blood backing up into veins (peripheral congestion), increasing venous pressure in vena cava and cascading in a retrograde fashion all the way to capillaries, pushing fluid out of veins into organs and tissues

31
Q

In diagnosing CHF, a regurgitated murmur in the tricuspid area can be suggestive of what sided failure?

A

Right sided

32
Q

What is the work-up for CHF?

A

CXR
ECG
ECHO
Angiogram (more invasive)
lab work (CBC, electrolytes, renal function tests, glucose, thyroid, BNP)

33
Q

What supplement should be taken with loop diuretics?

A

Potassium

34
Q

What is the medical treatment for CHF?

A

Diuretics
RAAS Agents (ARNI, ACE, ARB)
Beta Blocker

35
Q

What is the 5-year survival after an initial hospitalization with CHF?

A

35%

36
Q

What is the 5-year survival after an initial hospitalization with CHF?

A

35%

37
Q

What are some reasons for non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

A

Pulmonary damage
Sepsis
Low oncotic pressure

38
Q

What are signs of cardiogenic shock?

A

Low BP, weak or irregular pulse

39
Q

What are symptoms of cardiogenic shock?

A

Dyspnea, cold extremities, clammy, dizziness, confusion, LOC, decreased urination, LE edema

Cardiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions