Cardiac Ischemia Flashcards
What is total cholesterol?
Maintains cell membranes, required building block for some nutritional absorption and hormone synthesis
What is low-density lipoprotein (LDL)?
Helps to move cholesterol within the circulation, increases risk of cardiovascular disease (atherosclerotic plaque)
What is high-density lipoprotein (HDL)?
Brings cholesterol back to the liver, this the “good” cholesterol (bad if it is too low)
What are triglycerides?
Stored energy, breaks down for cellular metabolism, stored in adipose, liver
What are xanthomas?
Build up of fat under the skin surface (yellow pigment)
What can primary hyperlipidemia lead to?
Xanthomas, pancreatitis, hepatosplenomegaly, atherosclerosis
What is arteriosclerosis?
Hardening of the walls of vessels such that they become less compliant, can restrict blood flow
What is atherosclerosis?
Type of arteriosclerosis which develops because of buildup of fats within the arterial walls
What is the vasa vasorum?
Vessels that feed the layers of the thicker/larger vessels
The Tunica Externa contains…
The Vasa Vasorum
What is the fatty streak?
First stage in development of atherosclerosis seen in the inner layer of vessels (can be seen as early as first decade of life)
What are foam cells?
Engorged cholesterol within the muscle cells (create atherosclerosis plaques)
What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
Hypoxia (low tissue oxygen)
What is anoxia?
Total, acute, loss of oxygen
What is oxygen free radical?
Activated oxygen species: H2O2, O2-, NO
