Valve problems Flashcards
What is stenosis?
Valve cannot open fully
- obstruction to blood flow
What is regurgitation?
Valve does not close fully
- back flow
What murmur is heard with aortic stenosis?
Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
What causes aortic stenosis?
Senile calcification/fibrosis
Rheumatic fever
What are the effects of aortic stenosis?
Increased LV pressure
- LV hypertrophy
Left sided heart failure
- syncope
- angina
What murmur is heard with aortic regurgitation?
Early decrescendo diastolic murmur
What causes aortic regurgitation?
Aortic root dilation
Valvular damage
- endocarditis
- rheumatic fever
What are the effects of aortic regurgitation?
Blood flows back into LV
Increases stroke volume
Systolic pressure increases
Diastolic pressure decreases
Bounding pulse
LV hypertrophy
What is Quinke’s sign?
Nail beds flush with colour in sync with heart
What murmur is heard with mitral regurgitation?
Holosystolic murmur
What are the causes of mitral regurgitation?
Damage to papillary muscle - MI
Left sided heart failure
Rheumatic fever
What are the effects of mitral regurgitation?
Blood leaks back to LA
Increases preload
LV hypertrophy
What murmur is heard in mitral stenosis?
Diastolic rumble
What causes mitral stenosis?
Rheumatic fever
What are the effects of mitral stenosis?
Increased LA pressure
- pulmonary oedema
- dyspnoea
- RV hypertrophy
LA dilation
- atrial fibrillation
- oesophagus compression
