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Cardiovascular System > Autonomic control of the CVS > Flashcards

Autonomic control of the CVS Flashcards

1
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

Heart rate
Blood pressure
Force of contraction
Peripheral resistance of blood vessels

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2
Q

What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

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3
Q

Where is the parasympathetic input from the heart from?

A

Vagus nerve

  • synapse with SA and AV node
  • post ganglionic cells release ACh
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4
Q

Which receptor does the parasympathetic input act on?

A

M2 receptor

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5
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic input?

A

Decrease heart rate

Decrease AV node conduction velocity

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6
Q

Where is the sympathetic input from the heart from?

A

Sympathetic trunk

  • innverate SA + AV node and myocardium
  • release NA
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7
Q

Which receptor does the sympathetic input act on?

A

β1 adrenoreceptors

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8
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic input?

A

Increases heart rate

Increases force of contraction

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9
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic activity on pacemaker potentials?

A

Increases slope

β1 receptors
GPCRs
Increase cAMP
Speeds up pacemaker potential

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10
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic activity on pacemaker potentials?

A

Decreases slope

M2 receptors
GPCRs
Increase K+ conductance
Decrease cAMP

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11
Q

What is the effect of NA on the force of contraction?

A

Increases force of contraction

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12
Q

How does NA increase force of contraction?

A

β1 receptors
Increase cAMP
Activate PKA

Phosphorylation of Ca2+ channels - increase Ca2+
Increases uptake of Ca2+ in SR

Increased force of contraction

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13
Q

What innervation does vasculature receive?

A

Sympathetic

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14
Q

What receptors does vasculature have?

A

α1 adrenoreceptors

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15
Q

What is vasomotor tone?

A

The degree of tension of the smooth muscle within the walls of blood vessels

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16
Q

What happens when you increase sympathetic output?

A

Vasoconstriction

17
Q

What happens when you decrease sympathetic output?

A

Vasodilation

18
Q

What happens when blood vessels have α1 and β2 adrenoreceptors?

A

Adrenaline has a higher affinity for β2 receptors

At physiological concentration - adrenaline preferentially binds to β2

At higher concentrations - also activates α1

19
Q

What is the effect of activating β2 adrenoreceptors?

A

Vasodilation

  • increases cAMP
  • PKA
  • opens K+ channels
  • inhibits MLCK
  • relaxes smooth muscle
20
Q

What is the effect of activating α1 adrenoreceptors?

A

Vasoconstriction

  • stimulates IP3 production
  • increase in intracellular calcium
  • contraction of smooth muscle
21
Q

What are baroreceptors?

A

Nerve endings in carotid sinus and aortic arch that are sensitive to stretch

22
Q

What is the baroreceptor reflex?

A

Compensates for changes in arterial BP

23
Q

What drugs can act on the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathomimetics

  • α adrenoreceptor agonists
  • β adrenoreceptor agonists

Adrenoreceptor antagonists

Cholingerics

  • muscarinic agonists
  • muscarinic antagonists
24
Q

What are the uses of sympathomimetics?

A

Adrenaline - cardiac arrest + anaphylactic shock

Dobutuamine (β1 agonist) - cardiogenic shock

Salbutamol (β2 agonist) - asthma treatment

25
Q

What are the uses of α adrenoreceptor antagonists?

A

Prazosin - anti-hypertensive agent - inhibits NA action on vascular smooth muscle

26
Q

What are the uses of β adrenoreceptor antagonists?

A

Propanolol

  • non-selective
  • slows heart rate
  • reduces force of contraction
  • bronchoconstriction

Atenolol
- cardio-selective

27
Q

What are the uses of muscarinic agonists?

A

Treatment of glaucoma

- activates constrictor pupillae muscle

28
Q

What are the uses of muscarinic antagonists?

A

Increases heart rate
Increases bronchial dilation
Used to dilate pupils

Cardiovascular System (16 decks)

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