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Cardiovascular System > Haemodynamic Shock > Flashcards

Haemodynamic Shock Flashcards

1
Q

What is haemodynamic shock?

A

Acute condition of inadequte blood flow throughout the body

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2
Q

How can shock occur?

A

Fall in CO

Fall in TPR beyond capacity of heart to cope

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3
Q

What causes shock due to fall in CO?

A

Cardiogenic shock
Mechanical shock
Hypovolaemic shock

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4
Q

What is cardiogenic shock?

A

Acute failure of the heart to maintain CO

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5
Q

What is mechanical shock?

A

Obstructive

- ventricle cannot fill properly

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6
Q

What is hypovolaemic shock?

A

Reduced blood volume leads to poor venous return

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7
Q

What can cause cardiogenic shock?

A

MI
Arrhythmias
Acute heart failure

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8
Q

What happens in cardiogenic shock?

A

Heart fills but unable to pump properly

Dramatic drop in arterial BP

Tissues poorly perfused

  • coronary arteries - exacerbate problem
  • kidneys - oliguria
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9
Q

What is cardiac rest?

A

Unresponsiveness associated with lack of pulse

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10
Q

What is asystole?

A

Loss of electrical and mechanical activiry

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11
Q

What is PEA?

A

Pulseless electrical activity

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12
Q

What is ventricular fibrillation?

A

Uncoordinated electrical activity

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13
Q

What can cause mechanical shock?

A

Cardiac tamponade

Pulmonary embolism

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14
Q

How does cardiac tamponade cause mechanical shock?

A

Blood/fluid in pericardial space
- restricts filling of heart

High central venous pressure
Low arterial blood pressure

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15
Q

How does PE cause mechanical shock?

A

PE occludes a pulmonary artery
High pulmonary artery pressure
Ventricle cannot empty

High central venous pressure
Low arterial blood pressure

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of hypovolaemic shock?

A

Haemorrhage

17
Q

What are the signs of hypovolaemic shock?

A

Tachycardia
Weak pulse
Pale skin
Cold clammy extremities

18
Q

What is the compensatory response in hypovolaemic shock?

A 
Low BP detected by baroreceptors
Sympathetic stimulation 
Tachycardia
Peripheral vasoconstriction 
Venoconstriction
19
Q

What is the danger of hypovolaemic shock?

A

Tissue damage due to hyoxia

Lack of perfusion to organs

20
Q

What is distributive shock?

A

Low resistance shock

  • profound peripheral vasodilation
  • reduces TPR
21
Q

What can cause distributive shock?

A

Toxic shock

Anaphylactic shock

22
Q

What causes toxic shock?

A

Sepsis

23
Q

How does sepsis cause shock?

A 
Bacteria release endotoxins
Cause inflammatory response 
Causes vasodilation 
Fall in TPR 
Impaired perfusion of organs

Reduced blood volume
- leaky capillarys

24
Q

What causes anaphylactic shock?

A

Severe allergic reaction

25
Q

How does an allergic reaction cause shock?

A

Release of histamine from mast cells
Vasodilator effect
Fall in TPR
Drop in arterial pressure

26
Q

Signs of anaphylactic shock

A

Breathing difficulties
Collapse
Tachycardia
Red, warm extremities

Cardiovascular System (16 decks)

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