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Cardiovascular System > Congenital Heart Disease > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

How do you get a left to right shunt?

A

Requires a hole

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2
Q

What is the effect of a left to right shunt?

A

Blood from left heart is returned to lungs instead of body

Increased pulmonary artery and venous pressure

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3
Q

How do you get a right to left shunt?

A

Requires a hole and a distal obstruction

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4
Q

What is the effect of a right to left shunt?

A

De-oxygenated blood bypasses the lungs

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5
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

Blueish discolouration due to lack of oxygen

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6
Q

What are acyanotic congenital conditions?

A

Left to right shunts

  • ASD
  • VSD
  • PDA

Obstructive lesions

  • Aortic stenosis
  • pulmonary stneosis
  • coarctation of the aorta
  • mitral stenosis
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7
Q

What are cyanotic congenital conditions?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great arteries
Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
Univentricular heart

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8
Q

What are atrial septal defects?

A

Patent hole in the atrial septum

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9
Q

What are the haemodynamic effects of ASDs?

A

Increased pulmonary blood flow
RV volume overload
Eventual right heart failure

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10
Q

What are ventricular septal defects?

A

Patent holes in the ventricular septum

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11
Q

What are the haemodynamic effects of VSDs?

A

Left to right shunt
LV volume overload
Pulmonary venous congestion
Eventual pulmonary hypertension

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12
Q

What is patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Ductus arteriosus fails to close at birth

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13
Q

What is coarctation of aorta?

A

Narrowing of aortic lumen (region of ligamentum arteriosum)

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14
Q

What is the effect of coarctation of aorta?

A

Increases afterload on left ventricle

Can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy

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15
Q

What makes up tetralogy of fallot?

A

Pulmonary stenosis
VSD
RV hypertrophy
Over-riding aorta

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16
Q

What happens in tetralogy of fallot?

A 
Under developed LV
VSD with aorta over
Thickened RV wall
Problem with pulmonary valve
Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
17
Q

What is tricuspid atresia?

A

Lack of development of tricuspid valve

18
Q

What happens in tricuspid atresia?

A

No inlet of blood into RV
Right to left atrial shunt of venous return
Blood flows to lungs via VSD

19
Q

What is hypoplastic left heart?

A

Underdeveloped left ventricle
Small ascending aorta
RV supports systemic circulation
Obligatory right to left shunt

20
Q

What is transposition of the great arteries?

A

Swapping of great vessels

Aorta connected to RV
Pulmonary artery connected to LV

21
Q

What is the effect of transposition of the great arteries?

A

Only viable with a shunt

22
Q

What is pulmonary atresia?

A

Failure of the pulmonary valve to form

23
Q

What happens in pulmonary atresia?

A

No RV outlet
Right to left shunt of venous return
Flow to lungs via PDA

Cardiovascular System (16 decks)

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