Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards
How do you get a left to right shunt?
Requires a hole
What is the effect of a left to right shunt?
Blood from left heart is returned to lungs instead of body
Increased pulmonary artery and venous pressure
How do you get a right to left shunt?
Requires a hole and a distal obstruction
What is the effect of a right to left shunt?
De-oxygenated blood bypasses the lungs
What is cyanosis?
Blueish discolouration due to lack of oxygen
What are acyanotic congenital conditions?
Left to right shunts
- ASD
- VSD
- PDA
Obstructive lesions
- Aortic stenosis
- pulmonary stneosis
- coarctation of the aorta
- mitral stenosis
What are cyanotic congenital conditions?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great arteries
Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
Univentricular heart
What are atrial septal defects?
Patent hole in the atrial septum
What are the haemodynamic effects of ASDs?
Increased pulmonary blood flow
RV volume overload
Eventual right heart failure
What are ventricular septal defects?
Patent holes in the ventricular septum
What are the haemodynamic effects of VSDs?
Left to right shunt
LV volume overload
Pulmonary venous congestion
Eventual pulmonary hypertension
What is patent ductus arteriosus?
Ductus arteriosus fails to close at birth
What is coarctation of aorta?
Narrowing of aortic lumen (region of ligamentum arteriosum)
What is the effect of coarctation of aorta?
Increases afterload on left ventricle
Can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy
What makes up tetralogy of fallot?
Pulmonary stenosis
VSD
RV hypertrophy
Over-riding aorta
What happens in tetralogy of fallot?
Under developed LV VSD with aorta over Thickened RV wall Problem with pulmonary valve Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
What is tricuspid atresia?
Lack of development of tricuspid valve
What happens in tricuspid atresia?
No inlet of blood into RV
Right to left atrial shunt of venous return
Blood flows to lungs via VSD
What is hypoplastic left heart?
Underdeveloped left ventricle
Small ascending aorta
RV supports systemic circulation
Obligatory right to left shunt
What is transposition of the great arteries?
Swapping of great vessels
Aorta connected to RV
Pulmonary artery connected to LV
What is the effect of transposition of the great arteries?
Only viable with a shunt
What is pulmonary atresia?
Failure of the pulmonary valve to form
What happens in pulmonary atresia?
No RV outlet
Right to left shunt of venous return
Flow to lungs via PDA
